IL-MOSTA FIZ-ZMIEN IL-HAKMA TAL-KAVALLIERI TA' SAN GWANN
Michael A. Sant
Pubblikazzjoni tal-Kunsill Lokali Mosta, 1996.
Dan il-ktieb interessantissimu jinxtara mill-Kunsill jew mill-hwienet ewlenin. Din il-verzjoni digitali taf fiha xi differenzi mill-original minhabba problemi waqt l-iskanjar li minhabba r-rizorsi limitati ma kellix cans nivverifika ghal kollox u hi raguni ohra ghala wiehed ghandu jmur dirett ghall-ktieb meta jigi biex jiehu riferenzi minnu.
IMWIET U MEJTIN FIL-MOSTA
(p.37) Diga semmejna kif il-kappillani tal-Mosta kienu hafna drabi jnizzlu fil-Liber Defunctorum (Mortuorum) illi l-mejjet jew mejta kien jew kienet irceviet il-prehabitis requisitis sacramenti. Il-Kappillan Dun Salvator Muscat jghidilna kif darba minnhom meta kien ta l-ahhar sagramenti lil certu Geronimo Fenec kien “nhar ta’ Tlieta u kien bil-lejl” (era giorno di martedi e a tempo di note).126 Izda, m’ghandniex xi nghidu, x’uhud ma kellhomx ix-xorti tajba li jircievu s-sagramenti mqaddsa fl-ahhar ta’ hajjithom. Mill-inqas zewg Mostin insibuhom imnizzlin li mietu zoptu (morte subitanea) waqt illi tlieta ohra ltaqghu ma’ mewt vjolenti (morte violenta), x’aktarx vittma ta’ xi qattiel.127
Ma sarx studju ta’ kemm mietu nies sena b’sena fil-Mosta fi zmien il-hakma tal-Kavalieri kollha kemm hi. Izda statistici dettaljati bejn is-sena 1613 u l-1629, medda ta’ 17-il sena [ara Tabella XXXIX] juru li mietu fil-parrocca 141 ruh, medja ta’ 8.3 fis-sena. L-aktar li mietu nies fil-Mosta kien fl-1626 meta mietu 16-il ruh u l-anqas fl-1618 u fl-1621 meta mietet f’kull sena minnhom persuna wahda biss.
Tabella XXXIX: Ghadd ta’ mwiet fil-Mosta 1613-1650
(p.99)
NUMBER OF DEATHS1 | |||||
1613-1629 | 1630-1650 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Total | Year | Male | Female | Total |
1613 | 10 | 1630 | 6 | 14 | 20 |
1614 | 6 | 1631 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
1615 | 3 | 1632 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
1616 | 12 | 1633 | 3 | 6 | 9 |
1617 | 4 | 1634 | 5 | 10 | 15 |
1618 | 1 | 1635 | 11 | 4 | 15 |
1619 | 7 | 1636 | 7 | 8 | 15 |
1620 | 10 | 1637 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
1621 | 1 | 1638 | 2 | 10 | 12 |
1622 | 8 | 1639 | 5 | 13 | 18 |
1623 | 8 | 1640 | 6 | 3 | 9 |
1624 | 11 | 1641 | 4 | 7 | 11 |
1625 | 15 | 1642 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
1626 | 16 | 1643 | 8 | 3 | 11 |
1627 | 13 | 1644 | 5 | 9 | 14 |
1628 | 8 | 1645 | 9 | 3 | 12 |
1629 | 8 | 1646 | 3 | 8 | 11 |
1647 | 4 | 7 | 11 | ||
1648 | 7 | 10 | 17 | ||
1649 | 4 | 5 | 9 | ||
1650 | 6 | 8 | 14 | ||
Total | 141 | Total | 109 | 141 | 250 |
1. See A.P.M., D.L. I (1612-1640) and B.L. II (1630-1697)
(Carmel Calleja, op. cit., Tab. IX)
(p.38) L-istalistika ta' bejn l-1630 u l-1650, medda ta’ 21 sena, turi li mietu 250 ruh fil-Mosta, 109 rgiel u 141 nisa, medja ta’ 11.9 fis-sena. L-aktar li mietu nies kien fl-1630 meta mietu ghoxrin ruh u l-inqas is-sena ta’ wara (1631) meta mietu sitta min-nies biss. Izda dawn il-figuri jistghu jqarrqu ghax aktarx m’hemmx maghduda maghhom dawk il-Mostm li temmew hajjithom fl-isptarijiet tar-Rabat u tal-Belt Valletta. Ma jidhirlix illi nistghu norbtu l-ghadd ta' l-imwiet fil-Mosta ma' xi mard qerriedi, ma’ xi karestija jew ma’ xi haga kerha ohra li kellhom ihabbtu wicchom maghha l-Mostin. Statistika ta’ l-imwiet fl-ibliet, fejn in-nies kienu jghixu marsusin ma’ xulxin u l-mard kien jinxtered aktar malajr forsi kienet turi xejriet different.
Biss dawn l-istatistici ta’ mwiet fil-Mosta jqarrqu b’mod iehor ghaliex fil-Liber Defunctorum tal-Mosta f’dan iz-zmien ma jidhrux l-imwiet tat-trabi u b’hekk ma nistghux naslu ghal konkluzjonijiet cari u tondi dwar l-imwiet tat-trabi. Izda mid-duplikazzjonijiet ta’ ismijiet f’familja wahda naslu biex nghidu li l-mewt fit-tfal zghar kienet haga ta’ sikwit jekk mhux ukoll ta’ kuljum. M’hix haga hafifa tghid kemm kienu jitwieldu trabi mejta ghax dawn, mhux fir-registru tal-Mosta biss izda fil-kotra kbira ta’ l-ohrajn, ma kinux jitnizzlu mill-kappillan. Izda l-ghadd ta’ dawk illi kienu jmutu ftit sighat biss wara li jitwieldu zgur ma kienx wiehed zghir. Fin-Naxxar bejn l-1687 u l-1810 dawn it-trabi li l-anqas biss kienu jinghataw isem kienu jitilghu ghal 30.4 fil-mija ta’ dawk kollha li jmutu qabel jaghlqu sena. waqt illi terz iehor, 36.3 fil-mija, kienu jkaxkru ghal xi jiem ohra. Fis-Siggiewi, imbaghad, bejn l-1750 u l-1799 l-ghadd ta’ trabi mwielda mejta u qabel iz-zmien (abortivus) kien ta’ tmintax waqt illi dawk li twieldu mghaxxin u nghatatilhom il-maghmudija privata qabel ma telghu l-genna (in coelum evolavet) kien ta’ 54.128 Hasra illi figuri ghall-Mosta m’ghandniex izda wiehed ghandu ghax jahseb illi x-xejriet ta’ mwiet ta trabi fir-rahal kienu xi haga bhal dawk ta’ l-imkejjen li semmejna.
Imbaghad ma rridux ninsew illi waqt xi mxija kienu t-trabi li kienu jikluha l-ewwel. Nghidu ahna fl-imxija tal-hozba ta’ l-1769 u f’dik ta’ l-1780 izjed minn nofs dawk li mietu kienu tfal taht il-hames snin. Saverio Borg u martu Maria minn Hal Balzan fl-1780 raw imutu f’jum wiehed tlieta minn uliedhom, Pietru ta’ 4 snin, Tereza ta’ 5 snin u Grazzja ta’ sitt snin, waqt li tifla ohra ta’ sentejn, Imperia, mititilhom hdax-il gumata wara. F’Hal Lija wkoll il-mewt mill-hozba fl-1780 (p.39) kienet qerrieda: bejn Frar u Mejju mietu 16-il tifel u tifla, fosthom Margharita Abeyer, tifla ta’ 4 snin. L-ghadd ta’ mwiet fi rhula ohra bhal Hal Luqa u s-Siggiewi juri l-istess xejriet.129 Ghal darb' ohra, figuri ghall-Mosta m’ghandniex.
Il-hozba ma kinitx il-marda qerrieda wahdiena. Tassew li ma nisimghux bil-kolera qabel l-1837 fi zmien l-Inglizi, izda nisimghu b’mard qerriedi iehor. Id-deni bil-petechiae kien komuni hafna u fl-1723 qered hafna nies. Biss l-aghar epidemija sehhet fl-1742 meta damet tmien xhur li matulhom 250 ruh ippruvaw jidhlu fis-Sacra Infermeria, bla ma kien hemm wisa’ ghalihom.130 Kien hemm imbaghad il-pesta. Dik ta’ l-1592-93, fi zmien il-Granmastru Verdalle kaxkret minn pajjizna 3,000 ruh, maghduda 40 Kavalier minn popolazzjoni ta’ 27,000 ruh.131 Skond Vella, mill-Mosta nqerdu 27 ruh u 283 min-Naxxar u minn Hal Gharghur. Dawn kollha ndifnu fic- cimiterju ckejken imwahhad mal-knisja ta’ Santa Margerita fil-Mosta.132 L-attakk ta’ l-1623, “il-pesta ta’ Pawlu Milju’’, qered biss 40 ruh minn pajjizna. Imxija ohra, dik ta’ l-1655, ukoll kienet hafifa u kull ma garret kienu 20 ruh, l-aktar minn Haz-Zabbar, u dawk in- nahiet.133 Mhux hekk izda ghall-imxija ta’ l-1675-76 li kif turi Tabella XLI hasdet minn pajjizna 11,278 ruh, bejn wiehed u iehor ftit aktar minn wiehed minn hamsa tal-popolazzjoni kollha ta’ Malta. Fil-Mosta, mhux bhal fil-Belt Valletta u fit-Tlitt Ibliet, mietu biss 23 ruh.134 Il-hozba diga semmejnieha. U ma ninsewx li kien hemm mard iehor ukoll bhad-difterite, l-influwenza, il-mard venerju, it-tuberkolozi, il-gdiem u mard iehor.
Tabella XXXIII: L-epidemiji tal-gidri r-rih ta’ l-1769 u l-1780
(p.91)
TABLE 8.3 THE SMALLPOX EPIDEMICS OF 1769 AND 1780 | ||||||
Year | Total Deaths | Under 1 yr | % | Under 5 years | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lija | 1769 | 44 | 20 | 45.5 | 26 | 59.1 |
1780 | 41 | 10 | 24.4 | 25 | 61 | |
Luqa |
1769 | 54 | 15 | 27.8 | 40 | 74 |
1780 | 59 | 23 | 39 | 37 | 62 | |
Naxxar | 1769 | 96 | 32 | 33.3 | 59 | 61.5 |
1780 | 125 | 38 | 39.4 | 74 | 59.2 | |
Siggiewi | 1769 | 82 | 21 | 25.6 | 53 | 64.6 |
1780 | 104 | 37 | 35.6 | 69 | 66.3 |
Sources
- Lija - Lib. Def. IV (1749-1859)
- Luqa - Lib. Def. III (1716-1855)
- Naxxar - Lib. Def. III (1762-1810)
- Siggiewi - Lib. Def. IV (1760-1800)
(F. Ciappara, 1988, p. 108)
Tabella XLI: Il-pesta ta’ l-1675: Stima tal-Popolazzjoni u l-ghadd tal-mejtin
(p.101)
ESTIMATED POPULATION AND NUMBER OF DEAD* | ||||
Locality | Population | up to June 23 | June 24 onward | Total dead |
---|---|---|---|---|
Valletta | 12,064 | 4,000 | ||
Senglea | 4,000 | 2,000 | ||
Vittoriosa | 3,200 | 1,800 | ||
Bormla | 2,950 | 1,500 | ||
Attard | 1,050 | 91 | 13 | 104 |
Birkirkara | 2,700 | 101 | 23 | 124 |
Balzan | 550 | 12 | 4 | 16 |
Gharghur | 800 | 7 | 2 | 9 |
Ghaxaq | 600 | 28 | 8 | 36 |
Gudja | 550 | 29 | 8 | 37 |
Kirkop | 300 | 9 | 1 | 10 |
Lija | 1,000 | 35 | 3 | 38 |
Luqa | 1,050 | 66 | 8 | 74 |
Mqabba | 500 | 52 | 4 | 56 |
Mosta | 1,300 | 18 | 5 | 23 |
Naxxar | 1,550 | 12 | 2 | 14 |
Qormi | 2,850 | 309 | 26 | 335 |
Qrendi | 850 | 97 | 5 | 102 incl. Lew |
Rabat | 2,000 | 84 | 4 | 88 incl. Mdina, Dingli |
Safi | 200 | - | - | - |
Siggiewi | 1,450 | 31 | 3 | 34 incl. Xluq |
Tarxien | 850 | 136 | 26 | 162 incl. Paola |
Zabbar | 1,500 | 270 | 85 | 355 |
Zebbug | 3,600 | 169 | 14 | 183 |
Zejtun | 1,450 | 56 | 36 | 92 incl Bisbut |
Zurrieq | 2,100 | 40 | 11 | 51 incl. Bubaqra. Millieri |
Mellieha region | 7 | 4 | 7 | 4 |
St Angelo | 100 | 31 | 7 | 31 |
Total | 51,114 | 11.278 |
*Sources for population figures: Valletta AOM 6402, f. 291 all other localities (estimated to the nearest fifty): AAM VP., Buenos 1667-68 and Molina 1678-80. Sources for dead: Valletta and towns: Dal Pozzo op. cit., II, p 449: Abela Ciantar op. cit., III. p. 191; for all other localities: ACM PAN, 121, ff. 17v, 18; NLM. Libr., Ms 10, pp. 313, 314; local parochial archives. Number of dead (June 24 onwards) for Ghaxaq, Naxxar, Qormi and Rabat estimated.
(Joseph Micallef, The Plague of 1676, 11,300 Deaths, p. 118)
Dfin tal-Mejtin
(p.39) Ghalkemm il-Knisja, permezz tal-Ligi Kanonika, ma kinitx thalli li jsir dfin fil-knejjes, din id-drawwa baqghet issehh tista’ tghid sa zmienna. Fl-1703 is-Sinodu Djocesan ta’ Malta pprojbixxa biss id-dfin prope altaria. Id-dfin fil-knisja ma kienx jista’ jsir, izda, waqt xi mxija ta’ mard jittiehed, kellhom jinbnew cimiterji barra l-belt jew rahal. L-ewwel cimiterji li nafu bihom imorru lura ghas-sena 1592, meta nbnew minnhom apposta fil-kampanja biex fihom jindifnu l-vittmi ta’ dik l-imxija qerrieda tal-pesta. Fil-Mosta c-cimiterju ta’ Santa Margarita (p.40) twaqqaf sew sew ghal dan il-ghan. Din id-drawwa baqghet issehh f’epidemiji ohra bhal dik tal-pesta ta’ l-1675-76 u ohrajn fi zmien l-Inglizi. L-ewwel attentat biex ma jithalliex isir aktar dfin fl-ibliet fi zminijiet meta ma kienx hemm imxijiet ta’ mard jittiehed sar fl-1776 izda ma jidhirx illi rnexxa. Kien il-Kungress Nazzjonali tal-Maltin li qamu kontra l-Francizi li fl-imxija tad-deni ta’ l-1799 amar li jinbnew cimiterji barra kull belt jew rahal.135
Nigu issa ghall-Mosta. Harsa lejn Tabella XLII turi kif kien isir id-dfin tal-mejtin fir-rahal. Mill-14 ta’ Dicembru 1644 'il quddiem il-kappillan beda jnizzel in-numru tal-qabar ta’ kull mejjet fil-parrocca. Naraw illi kull qabar kien jerga’ jintuza wara perjodu ta’ bejn wiehed u iehor 3 snin u xahrejn. Biss il-qabar Nru. 87 rega' ntuza wara tliet xhur, waqt li Nru. 38 rega’ sar dfin fih wara jum wiehed biss. X’aktarx illi l-membri tal-kleru kienu jindifnu f’oqbra mhollijin ghalihom. Hekk is-Suddjaknu D. Josephus Busuttil indifen f’sepulchro insigillato (?) waqt illi l-kappillan Dun Salvator Muscat indifen fl-10 ta’ Gunju 1647 f’retro altare maius in tumolo novo num 20.136 X'aktarx illi xi oqbra bhal dawk bin-numri 63, 69, 74 u 100 setghu kienu riservati ghal certi familji, izda ma nafux bizzejjed kemm dan hu minnu jew le.
Tabella XLII: Dfin u oqbra fil-Mosta – 1644-1650
(pp.102-103)
USE OF PARTICULAR TOMBS FOR INTERMENT (14TH DECEMBER 1644 - 31ST DECEMBER 1650)1 |
|||
Tomb Number | Used On | Period of | Page |
---|---|---|---|
92 | 29.1.1645 | 3 yrs 2 months | 1 |
15.3.1648 | 7 | ||
77 | 5.2.1645 | 3 yrs 2 months | 1 |
16.4.1648 | 7 | ||
63 | 18.10.1645 | 1 yr 3 months | 2 |
29.1.1647 | 5 | ||
63 | 29.1.1647 | 3 yrs 10 months | 5 |
26.11.1650 | 14 | ||
69 | 19.11.1645 | 4 yrs 11 months | 2 |
5.10.1650 | 13 | ||
70 | 26.11.1645 | 4 yrs 11 months |
2 |
26.10.1650 | 14 | ||
74(?) 74 |
6.12.1645 | 3 yrs 1 month | 3 |
1.1.1649 | 10 | ||
88 | 8.12.1645 | 4 yrs 4 months | 3 |
12.4.1650 | 12 | ||
37 | 31.12.1645 | 2 yrs 11 months | 3 |
1.12.1648 | 10 | ||
100 | 10.1.1646 | 4 yrs 1 month | 3 |
20.2.1650 | 12 | ||
94 | 16.1.1646 | 3 yrs 10 months | 3 |
26.11.1649 | 11 | ||
62 | 29.9.1646 | 3 yrs 2 months | 4 |
12.11.1649 | 11 | ||
65 | 25.10.1646 | 3 yrs 10 months | 4 |
25.8.1650 | 13 | ||
66 | 10.12.1646 | 3 yrs 8months | 4 |
23.8.1650 | 13 | ||
97 | 27.2.1647 | 2 yrs 5 months |
5 |
6.7.1649 | 10 | ||
60 | 6.4.1647 | 1 yr 1 months | 5 |
10.11.1648 | 9 | ||
83 | 1.2.1648 | 2 ½ months |
7 |
21.4.1648 | 7 | ||
87 | 20.1.1648 | 3 months | 7 |
30.4.1648 | 8 | ||
38 | 2.6.1648 | 1 day | 8 |
3.6.1648 | 8 | ||
38 | 3.6.1648 | 2 yrs 2 months | 8 |
31.8.1650 | 13 | ||
81 | 20.11.1648 | 1 yr 11 months | 9 |
29.10.1650 | 14 |
Tombs used only once in the period 14.12.1644 - 31.12.1650: 28, 32, 86, 47, 72, 101, 109, 79, 78, 96, 95, 44, 1, 2, 85, 93, 98, 25, 90, 80, 82, 89, 15, 71, 16, 50, 99, 12, 8(?), 76.
- See A.P.M. D.L. II (1641-1734).
(See Calleja, op. cit., Table XIII, pp. 68-69)
Drawwiet Tajbin u Hziena
(p.40) Drawwa qadima li baqghet sa zmienna kienet li xi Maltin, u m ghandniex xi nghidu Mostin ukoll, kienu jhallu quddies ghal ruhhom. Harsa lejn il-Liber Defunctorum (Mortuorum) u lejn arkivji ohra tal-parrocca tal-Mosta turina kemm dan hu minnu. Ma nistghux insemmu dawn in-nies wiehed wiehed jew wahda wahda. Bizzejjed insemmu tnejn. Vincentius Fenech u Margarita Gauci li bejn l-1641 u l-1734 jissemmew li hallew gidhom kollu ghal dan il-ghan.137
Sikwit nisimghu jew naqraw dwar id-drawwa tal-“bekkejja” li dari kienu jaghmlu fratterija shiha jibku, jolfqu u jwerzqu fuq xi mejjet. Fl-1591 l-lsqof Fra Tumas Gargallo (1578-1614) ikkundanna din id-drawwa pagana, izda ma tidhirx li nqatghet malajr minn pajjizna. Kienet ukoll x’aktarx drawwa illi nisa qraba tal-mejjet kienu jdumu ma jersqu lejn il-knisja fejn ikun indifen il-mejjet li jigi minnhom. B’hekk kienu jonqsu milli jisimghu l-quddies u jiehdu taghlim (p.41) tal-katekizmu. L-Isqol Gargallo kkundanna din id-drawwa hazina wkoll.138 Biss ma jidhirlix li nsibu xi haga miktuba fl-arkivji tal-Mosta dwar dawn id-drawwiet.
REFERENZI
- Calleja (1973), p. 66.
- Id. Ibid.
- Ciappara (1988), p. 106. Ara wkoll Nota 106.
- Ibid., pp. 106-108.
- P. Cassar, op. cit.,p. 154.
- Ibid., p. 170.
- E. B. Vella, op. cit., pp. 76-77.
- P. Cassar op. cit., p. 172.
- Joseph Micallef, The Plague of 1676: 11,300 Deaths, p. 118.
- P. Cassar, op. cit. pp. 339-341.
- Calleja (1973), p. 67.
- Ibid., p. 76.
- A. Bonnici, History of the Church in Malta, op. cit., p. 61.
Kapitli ohra mill-ktieb
- Introduzzjoni
- Studji demografici
- Mosta issir parrocca
- Hjiel ekonomiku
- Hajja Socjo Religjuza
- Ismijiet / Kunjomijiet
- Zwigijiet
- Twelidijiet
- Imwiet
- Gheluq
- Appendici