IL-MOSTA FIZ-ZMIEN IL-HAKMA TAL-KAVALLIERI TA' SAN GWANN
Michael A. Sant
Pubblikazzjoni tal-Kunsill Lokali Mosta, 1996.
Dan il-ktieb interessantissimu jinxtara mill-Kunsill jew mill-hwienet ewlenin. Din il-verzjoni digitali taf fiha xi differenzi mill-original minhabba problemi waqt l-iskanjar li minhabba r-rizorsi limitati ma kellix cans nivverifika ghal kollox u hi raguni ohra ghala wiehed ghandu jmur dirett ghall-ktieb meta jigi biex jiehu riferenzi minnu.
TWELIDIJIET U MAGHMUDIJIET FIL-MOSTA
(p.31) Zwieg bla tfal m’hux zwieg, hawn min jghid, u ghalkemm kien hemm u ghad hawn mizzewgin fil-Mosta li baqghu bla tfal, hafna zwigijiet tbierku b’ghadd ta’ wlied. Kif turi Tabella XXIX, bejn l-1612 u l-1629, medda ta’ 18-il sena, fil-Mosta tghammdu (twieldu)102 617, medja ta’ 37.28 fis-sena. L-oghla ghadd ta’ twelidijiet kien ta’ 58 fl-1620 u l-inqas ta’ 21 fl-1614. Bejn l-1630 u l-1650, medda ta’ 21 sena, tghammdu b’kollox 798 tifel u tifla, 425 subien u 373 bniet. Il-medja ta’ bniet u subien hi ta’ 38 fis-sena, bejn wiehed u iehor l-istess medja li kienet ghas-snin 1612-1629. L-oghla ghadd ta’ twelid kien ta’ 49 fl-1630 u l-inqas ta’ 31 fl-1640.
Tabella XXIX: Ghadd ta’ Maghmudijiet
(p.86)
NUMBER OF BAPTISMS1 | |||||
1612-1629 | 1630-1650 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Total | Year | Male | Female | Total |
1612 | 47 | 1630 | 25 | 24 | 49 |
1613 | 31 | 1631 | 23 | 11 | 34 |
1614 | 21 | 1632 | 22 | 14 | 36 |
1615 | 29 | 1633 | 14 | 21 | 35 |
1616 | 34 | 1634 | 25 | 19 | 44 |
1617 | 36 | 1635 | 20 | 20 | 40 |
1618 | 40 | 1636 | 28 | 18 | 46 |
1619 | 29 | 1637 | 27 | 17 | 44 |
1620 | 58 | 1638 | 18 | 13 | 31 |
1621 | 27 | 1639 | 19 | 18 | 37 |
1622 | 30 | 1640 | 18 | 13 | 31 |
1623 | 22 | 1641 | 15 | 18 | 33 |
1624 | 34 | 1642 | 24 | 17 | 41 |
1625 | 36 | 1643 | 23 | 16 | 39 |
1626 | 33 | 1644 | 14 | 22 | 36 |
1627 | 30 | 1645 | 16 | 17 | 33 |
1628 | 42 | 1646 | 20 | 20 | 40 |
1629 | 37 | 1647 | 24 | 22 | 46 |
1648 | 14 | 20 | 34 | ||
1649 | 22 | 10 | 32 | ||
1650 | 24 | 23 | 47 |
1. See A.P.M., D.L. I (1612-1640) and B.L. II (1630-1697).
(Carmel Calleja, op. cit., tab. III)
(p.31) Harsa lejn ghadd ta’ familji bit-tfal li nsibu fil-Mosta fl-ewwel nofs tas-17-il seklu103 turi medja ta’ sitt ulied kull familja. Izda bejn li xi familji ma kellhomx tfal, bejn li kien hemm min kellu tarbija wahda, bejn li ma nafux kemm tfal mietu meta kienu ghadhom trabi, bejn haga u bejn ohra l-ghadd ta’ sitt itfal kull familja jista’ jqarraq. Minn 35 familja mnizzlin minn Calleja, erbgha kellhom zewgt itfal, sitta kellhom tlitt itfal, wahda erbat itfal, hamsa kellhom hamest itfal, sitta kellhom sitt itfal, erba’ familji kellhom sebat itfal, familja kellha tmint itfal, tliet familji kellhom disat itfal, tnejn kellhom ghaxart itfal, familja kellha hdax-il tarbija u zewg familji kellhom tnax. Josephum Xebijras u Paulinam Samut, li zzewgu fit-13 ta’ Novembru 1633, kellhom tnax ukoll: lil Gratia, Maria, Domenicus, Jo Maria, Domenica, Michael, Petrus, Michael, Petrus, Jo Maria, Joannes, Maria.104 Domenici Bucagiar fit-tieni zwieg tieghu nghaqad ma’ Margaretam Borg nhar it- 30 ta’ Jannar 1627. Kellhom tnax-il wild: Dominicus, Joannes, Maria, Clemencia, Gregorius, Jo Maria, Cleria, Theresia, Tomas, Carolus, Caterina u ohra li ma nafux x’kien jisimha.105
Hafna tfal kienu jmutu trabi, kultant sahansitra jitwieldu mejta. Hafna kienu jmutu sighat biss wara li jkunu raw id-dawl tal-hajja. Dan kien jigri dejjem u l-aktar matul xi mxija bhal dik tal-gidri.106 Kienet (p.32) ghalhekk drawwa li xi wlied li jigu wara, jissemmew ghall-mejjet jew mejta. B'hekk nifhmu kif f’familja wahda nsibu tfal jisimhom l-istess. Jacobi Busuttil u Sperancia Gatt li zzewgu fl-1618 kellhom zewgt itfal wara xulxin fi zmien hdax-il-xahar jisimhom “Maria". Hdejn isem l-ewwel wahda l-kappillan kiteb Vide 25 Martii 1625/alia filiam n(omen) Maria, xhieda cara illi l-ewwel “Maria" kienet mietet tarbija.107 Jacobu Chetcuti u Margaritam Digovara li zzewgu fl-1620, kellhom zewg “Marijiet” zewg “Domenicus” u zewg “Gratia” f’familja wahda,108 Georgi Cuschieri u Justine Calleja kellhom zewg “Gratia”,109 Damiani Portelli u Angelie Fenech kellhom zewg “Angelus" u zewg “Gratia”.110 Jo Pauli Vassallo u Agnetam Galea kellhom zewg “Salvator” fl-1638 u fl-1644.111 U nistghu nibqghu sejrin hekk.
Xi familji, kif ghedna, baqghu bla tfal. Izda m’hix haga hafifa tkun taf x’kien ezatt l-ghadd taghhom. Li wiehed jaghmel hu li jiehu d-data taz- zwieg u jekk sa snin wara ma jiltaqax ma’ maghmudijiet, jassumi illi l-koppji ma kellhomx tfal. Izda dan jista’ jqarraq ghaliex il-koppja setghet telqet mir-rahal u jekk kellha trabi ghammdithom x’imkien iehor. Hu x’inhu, Tabella XXX turi l-ismijiet ta’ koppji li zzewgu fil-Mosta bejn l-1630 u l-1644 u li sa l-1650 ma niltaqghux maghhom bhala genituri fir-rahal.
Tabella XXX: Koppji bla tfal jew li kienu telqu mill-Mosta
(p.87)
NAMES OF COUPLES WHO WERE EITHER CHILDLESS OR LEFT THE VILLAGE IN THE PERIOD 1630-16441 | |
Date of Marriage | Names |
---|---|
19.1.1630 | Dominicum Borg from Attard = Mariettoni Mifsud |
30.5.1632 | Petrum Borg from Lia = Victoriam Galia |
10.9.1633 | Florium Borg = Magdalenam Cauchi |
16.10.1633 | Dominicum Bucagiar from Naxaro = Geronimam Busuttil |
30.10.1633 | Dominicum Portelli from Lia = Margaritam Borg |
20.11.1633 | Matteolum Hajus from Balzano = Paulinam Cachia |
21.7.1634 | Angelum Fenec = Mauritiam Portelli |
28.8.1634 | Martium Samut = Margaritam Galia |
14.10.1634 | Marium Cauchi from Naxaro = Joannellam Gat |
16.9.1635 | Alexandrum Fenec = Andreanam Frendo |
23.9.1635 | Dominicum Borg = Margeritam Galia |
27.7.1636 | Josephum Callus from Crendi = Bernardam Bartolo |
15.8.1636 | Thomam Mifsud = Mariam ... |
5.10.1637 | Benedictum Gauci = Margaritam Borg |
26.12.1638 | Dominicum Calleja from Birchircara = Margaritam Butigieg |
30.1.1639 | Marcum Psaila from Curmi = Lauricam Galia |
6.3.1639 | Dominicum Ciantar from Sigievi = Mariam Cauchi |
24.7.1639 | Bartolomeum Galia from Naxaro = Sperantiam Galia |
31.7.1639 | Josehum Samut from Naxaro = Filippam Bucagiar |
11.9.1639 | Jo: Paulum Fenec from Naxaro = Dominicam Mifsud |
29.10.1639 | Josephum Scembri from Naxaro = Catharinam Busottil |
26.4.1640 | Aloisium Vella from Singlea = Bartolomean Frendo |
23.9.1640 | Gregorium Mifsud from Rabato = Catharinam Galia |
11.11.1640 | Leonardum Cuschieri from Rabato = Catharinam Dimech |
1.5.1641 | Dominicum Borg from Balzano = Geronimam Borg |
30.6.1641 | Thomam Cortis = Catharinam Borg |
25.7.1641 | Joannem Zarb - Angelicam ... |
1.9.1641 | Dominicum Calleja from Lia = Margaritam Fenec |
21.9.1641 | Consales Taliana from Rabato = Joannellam Galia |
30.11.1641 | Salvum Samut from Lia = Mariam Borg |
12.1.1642 | Filippum Zirafa from Atardo = Matteolam Galia |
15.8.1642 | Laurenticum Mangion = Mariam Portelli |
15.8.1642 | Ferdinandum Carocia = Flaminiam Camenzuli |
5.10.1642 | Dominicum Galia = Gratiam Portelli |
27.10.1642 | Joannem Attard from Atardo = Agatam Fenec |
18.10.1643 | Natalem Galia = Mariam Galia |
31.10.1643 | Blascum Spiteri from Rabato = Mariam Busottil |
21.9.1644 | Paulum Mifsud from Rabato = Clementiam Busottil |
1. It is assumed for the purpose of this analysis that couples with no children recorded after 1650 were childless or had left the village. The analysis in Tables VI, VII, VIII was extracted from A.P.M., M.L. I (1611-1701).
(C. Calleja, op. cit., Table VI, pp. 45-47)
(p.32) Semmejna wkoll koppji li kellhom wild wiehed. Tabella XXXI turi l-ismijiet u d-data taz-zwieg ta’ dawn il-koppji. Izda din il-lista wkoll tista’ tqarraq ghax mhux bilfors dawn il-koppji ma kellhomx aktar tfal. Setghu, wara li ghammdu l-ewwel tarbija taghhom fil-Mosta, marru joqoghdu xi’mkien iehor u jekk kellhom aktar tfal ghammduhom band' ohra.
Tabella XXXI: Koppji b’wild wiehed jew li kienu telqu mill-Mosta bejn l-1630 u l-1644
(p.88)
NAMES OF COUPLES WHO HAD ONLY ONE CHILD OR LEFT THE VILLAGE SOON AFTERWARDS IN THE PERIOD 1630-1644 | |
Date of Marriage | Names |
---|---|
26.7.1631 | Antonium Fenec = Chatarinam Sciricha |
3.10.1631 | Lucium Galia = Scolasticam Camilleri |
5.2.1634 | Vincentium Galia = Catarinam Samut |
9.9.1635 | Joannem Darmanin = Bernardam Bartolo |
19.9.1636 | Augustinum Portelli = Andreanam Calleja |
21.9.1636 | Leonardum Xeberras from Gregorio = Gratiam Aquilina |
3.10.1636 | Michalem Vella from Rabato = Gratiam Fenec |
1.8.1637 | Lucam Mifsud from Rabato = Dominicam Fenec |
30.1.1638 | Josephum Mifsud from Naxaro = Mariam Fenec |
26.6.1639 | Marinum Vassallo = Matteolam de Armenia |
27.7.1639 | Josephum Portelli = Veneram Bonnici from Attard |
15.8.1639 | Thomam Bartolo = Angelicam Cauchi |
15.8.1639 | Joannem Cauchi = Mariam Bartolo |
27.8.1639 | Silvestrum Haius = Mariam Cardona |
3(?).9.1639 | Dominicum Calleja = Mariam Fenec |
2.9.1640 | Antonium Galia = Mariam Mifsud |
7.10.1640 | Vincentium Cauchi = Dominicam Camilleri |
26.4.1641 | Gregorium Scicluna from Rabato = Cleriam Portelli |
6.10.1641 | Petrum Micallef from Naxaro = Clementiam Cauchi |
(C. Calleja, op. cit. Tab. VII, p. 48)
(p.32) Tabella XXXII taghtina l-ismijiet u d-data taz-zwieg ta’ koppji bejn 1630 u l-1644 li zzewgu fil-Mosta u li milli jidher baqghu jghixu hemmhekk. Minn dawn hamsa zzewgu fl-1630, tnejn fl-1631, erbgha fl-1632, sitta fl-1633, sitta fl-1634, tnejn fl-1635, sebgha fl-1636, tnejn 1637, hadd is-sena ta’ wara (1638), erbgha fl-1639, sitta fl-1640, hamsa fl-1641, hamsa fl-1642 u tnejn fl-1643.112
Tabella XXXII: Koppji li milli jidher baqghu jghixu l-Mosta bejn l-1630 u l-1644
(pp.89-90)
NAMES OF COUPLES WHO APPARENTLY STAYED AT MOSTA IN THE PERIOD 1630-1644 | |
Date of Marriage | Names |
---|---|
30.6.1630 | Paulum Gilestri from Birchircara = Angelicam Busuttil |
6.7.1630 | Geronimum Camilleri = Joannellam Galia |
1.8.1630 | Leonardum Catania from Zebbug = Joannellam Bartolo |
6.9.1630 | Josephum Cioparo from Naxaro = Joannellam Fenec |
6.10.1630 | Therasmum Hibejer = Gratiam Xerri |
19.1.1631 | Gregorium Fenec = Baptistinam Galia |
26.1.1631 | Romanum Borg = Sperantiam Cauchi |
20.6.1632 | Filippum Vassallo = Joannellam Vella |
31.7.1632 | Josephum Aquilina = Dominicam Samut |
16.8.1632 | Michaelem Mifsud from Birchircara = Joannellam Callus |
29.8.1632 | Jo: Paulum Camilleri = Sperantiam Galia |
26.6.1633 | Benedictum Sapian from Dingli = Gratiam Hibeijer |
24.7.1633 | Dominicum Xiberras from Naxaro = Valentiam Galia |
7.8.1633 | Julium Borg from Naxaro = Gratiam Cauchi |
9.10.1633 | Jo: Paulum Mangion = Mariam Borg |
26.10.1633 | Valerium Galia = Isabellam Portelli |
13.11.1633 | Josephum Xebyras = Paulinam Samut |
19.2.1634 | Geronimum Bartolo from Attard = Catarinam Fenec |
24.4.1634 | Jacobum Hajus = Franciscam Galia |
21.5.1634 | Joannem Vella from Rabato = Joannellam Vella |
9.7.1634 | Dominicum Samut = Catharinam Ajus |
12.9.1634 | Dominicum Samut = Joannellam Galia |
1.10.1634 | Matteum Borg = Joannellam Xerri |
27.1.1635 | Bartolomeum Xeberras from Naxaro = Joannellam Aquilina |
7.10.1635 | Franciscum Vella from Rabato = Dominicam Ceculi |
5.2.1636 | Lucium Cardona from Gozo = Sperantiam Camenzuli |
2.8.1636 | Marcum Xicluna from Rabato = Dominicam Samut |
5.9.1636 | Dominicum Bezina = Joannellam Busuttil |
7.9.1636 | Gregorium Galia = Paulinam Galia |
14.9.1636 | Josephum Xiberras = Paulinam Cardona |
3.10.1636 | Jacobum Samut = Paulinam Hibeijer |
5.10.1636 | Petrum Galia = Mariam Samut |
7.2.1637 | Dominicum Galia = Dominicam Frendo |
13.9.1637 | Valerium Seichel = Aluntiam Busottil |
5.3.1639 | Vincentium Samut = Catharinam Galia |
23.7.1639 | Jo: Mariam Hajus = Gratiam Borg |
7.8.1639 | Joannem Galia = Catharinam Xerri |
2.10.1639 | Dominicum Xiberras = Catharinam Fenec |
25.1.1640 | Ambrosium Bonello from Rabato = Romanam Cauchi |
28.4.1640 | Simonem Hibeijer from Lia = Mariam Galia |
15.8.1640 | Paulucium Vassallo = Paulinam Camenzuli |
2.9.1640 | Matteolum Camilleri = Evangelistam Frendo |
7.10.1640 | Joannem Pulis from Naxaro = Catharinam Samut |
21.10.1640 | Dominicum Portelli = Veronicam Galia |
12.2.1641 | Jo: Paulum Camilleri = Agatam Galia |
15.8.1641 | Franciscum Psaila from Curmi = Joannellam Agius |
9.11.1641 | Geronimum Galia from Bordi = Geronimam ... |
24.11.1641 | Antonium Grima from Atardo = Gratiam Vella |
26.11.1641 | Casparem Fenec = Angelicam Samut |
13.1.1642 | Joannem Galia = Catharinam Samut |
28.4.1642 | Julium Galia = Margaritam Bezina |
12.10.1642 | Josephum Hajus from Lia = Catharinam Cachia |
14.10.1642 | Lucam Vassallo from Naxaro = Gratiam Caber |
1.11.1642 | Dominicum Tonna = Catharinam Fenec |
19.7.1643 | Jo: Paulum Vella from Lia = Mariam Zarb |
4.10.1643 | Andream Grima = Catharinam Fenec |
(C. Calleja, op. cit., Tab. VIII, pp. 49-51)
Il-Parrinijiet
(p.32) Kienet milli jidher drawwa fost il-Maltin qabel gie Mons. Pietro Dusina fl-1575 illi jdumu xi ftit ma jghammdu ’l uliedhom u li mbaghad uhud ikollhom aktar minn zewg parrinijiet (p.33) ghall-maghmudija ta’ wliedhom. Dusina heggeg lill-Maltin biex jghammdu ’I uliedhom kemm jista’ jkun malajr wara t-twelid u qata’ ghal kollox id-drawwa ta’ aktar minn zewg parrinijiet. Il-kappillani tal-Mosta, ghallinqas bejn l-1630 u l-1650, jidhru li obdew ghal kollox l-amar ta’ Dusina.
Fil-Liber Boptizotorum normalment insibu isem parrinu (jew parrina) wiehed imnizzel u mhux tnejn. Bejn l-1630 u l-1650 f’xi sitt kazi biss jissemmew zewg parrinijiet, fosthom dawk ta’ Gratia, bint Jacobum Haius u Franciscam Galia, mwielda fl-1642.113
Fi zmien meta l-patrunat kien wisq aktar important milli hu llum kulhadd kien jaghmel li jista’ biex il-parrinijiet tat-tarbija jew ghallinqas wiehed minnhom, ikun xi professjonist, nghidu ahna nutar, xi qassis bhall-kappillan jew xi kjeriku wkoll jekk dan ikun kjeriku mizzewweg (“ Clericus coniugatus”). Tabella XXXIV turi lista ta’ xi parrinijiet important ta’ xi trabi li tghammdu fil-Mosta fl-ewwel nofs tas-Seklu 17. Johrog minnha taghrif interessanti. Nghidu ahna wiehed jinduna kif certi nies, x’aktarx qassisin, kienu aktar popolari minn ohrajn biex jinqalghu parrini. Ir-Reverendu Dominicus Xerri jissemma 9 darbiet fil-lista ta’ 71 maghmudija, Dun Bernardus Galia jissemma 8 darbiet, il-kjeriku mizzewweg Jo Paulus Fenech, li aktar ’il quddiem jidher li lahaq nutar, jissemma 7 darbiet. Seba’ darbiet ukoll jissemma Dun Joannes Galia, hames darbiet Dun Gio. Maria Galea u erba darbiet il-kappillan tar-rahal Dun Salvatore Muscat. Bejniethom dawn jissemmew 40 darba jew 56.3 fil-mija tal-parrinijiet imnizzlin minn Calleja. Parrinijiet ohrajn jissemmew inqas, uhud minnhom darba biss. Kienet x’aktarx drawwa li jekk il-missier ikun mit-tali post, il-parrinijiet t’uliedu jaqlaghhom mill-istess rahal jew belt. Stafani Xerri min-Naxxar li zzewweg lil Agnetis Borg fit-3 ta Mejju 1629 kellu mill-inqas tlieta mis-seba’ wliedu filjozzi ta parrinijiet min-Naxxar. Minn dan ir-rahal fil-qrib tal-Mosta nsibu parrinijiet mhux hazin, fosthom lil Dun Jo Maria Samut, lil Antonius Samut, lil Florius Magro, lil Dun Jo Maria Bezzina u lil Filippu Samut. Rahal iehor fil-qrib, rahal li llum baqa’ biss ismu, kien Hal Man.114 Minn hemm insibu lil Dun Theramus Galia, li nqala’ parrinu mill-inqas tliet darbiet, u lil Joannes Cuschieri, li nqala’ mill-inqas darbtejn. Minn Hal Balzan insibu lil Joannes Debono u minn Hal Lija lit-tabib Dottor Joanni Idoneo u lil Luca Muscat. Izda mill-bghid ukoll kienu jinqalghu parrinijiet. (p.34) Magister Marius Portughes mill-Belt Valletta jissemma mill-inqas tliet darbiet. Jissemma wkoll Aloysius Corcep mill-Isla. Xi nisa wkoll jissemmew bhala parrinijiet. Mill-Belt Valletta nsibu lil Maria Schebri li tissemma mill-inqas darbtejn, u lil Maria de Bono. Tissemma wkoll certa Signora Maria, il-mara ta’ Dottor Bartolomeo Mifsud. Insomma, biegha mzewqa mhux hazin. [Ara Tabella XXXV]
Tabella XXXIV: Xi parrinijiet u filjozzi fil-Mosta
(pp.92-94)
Parrinu | Tarbija | Data tat-twelid | Genituri |
---|---|---|---|
Rev. D. Theramus Galea (Hal Man) | Theramus | 20.10.1640 | Jacobum Agius = Francesca Galea |
Rev. Jo Maria Galea | Dominica | 12.11.1646 | - do - |
Clericus coniugatus J. Paulus Fenech | Jo: Paulus | 14.2.1637 | Rafaelis Haius = Gratia Xerri |
Rev. D. Bernardus Galea | Clementia | 30.1.1645 | - do - |
Nutar Joannes Paulus Fenech | Domenica | 10.3.1643 | Petri Aciopardi = Geronima Barlolo |
Clericus coniugatus J. Paulus Fenech | Jo: Domenicus | 3.2.1636 | Geronimus Bartolo = Catarinam Fenech |
Rev. D. Joannes Galea | Margarita | 6.1.1635 | Romanum Borg = Sperantiam Cauci |
(Rev.?) D. Dominicus Xerri | Jo: Maria | 6.4.1644 | - do - |
Rev. D. Jo: Maria Galea | Joanella | 16.11.1646 | - do - |
Mags. Marius Portughes (Valletta) | Natalia | 20.8.1652 | - do - |
Clericus Dominicus Hibeyer | Domenicus | 30.1.1628 | Dominici Bucagiar = Margaritam Borg |
… Cuschieri (Hal Man) | Clemencia | 29.1.1634 | Dominici Bucagiar = Margaritam Borg |
Rev. D. Joannes Galia | Jo: Maria | 5.12.1640 | - do - |
Rev D. Dominicus Xerri | Theresia | 21.5.1646 | - do - |
Joannes Xara (Valletta) | Gregorius | 23.3.1622 | Jacobi Busutil = Sperancie Gatt |
Rev. D. Jo: Maria Samut (Naxxar) | Agnes | 14.1.1634 | - do - |
Antonius Samut (Naxxar) | Gratius | 15.11.1646 | - do - |
Rev. D. Salvator Muscat (Kapp.) | Gratia | 8.8.1637 | Jo: Pauli Camilleri = Sperancie Galea |
Clericus Dominicus Xerri | Blasius | 3.2.1643 | - do - |
Don Gio: Maria Galia | Joannes | 29.6.1647 | - do - |
Joannes Deboni(?) (Balzan) | Martinus | 10.11.1620 | Mattei Cauchi = Gratie Samut |
Rev. Salvator Muscat (Kapp.) | Jo: Dominicus | 12.3.1629 | - do - |
Rev. Salvator Muscat (Kapp.) | Dominicus | 14. 1.1624 | Jacobi Chelcuti = Marg Digovara |
Joannes Cusceri (Hal Man) | Gratia | 15.8.1632 | - do - |
P. Bernardus Galia | Marius | 2.3.1640 | Georgii Cuschieri = Justine Calleja |
Clericus(?) Bernardus Galia | Joannella | 26.6.1616 | Mtvo (?) Leonardi Gat = Dominica Busutil |
D. Joannes Galia | Gregorius | 17.11.1618 | - do - |
Marcus … (Birkirkara) | Chaterina | 24.8.1620 | - do - |
J O.D.(?) Jo(an)es Luca Ninisdonia(?) | Publius | 26.1.1625 | - do - |
Clericus Dominicus Mallia | Clemencia | 2.5.1627 | - do - |
D. Bernardus Galia | Geronima | 13.2.1638 | - do - |
Sig. Dott Joani Idoneo (medicus Lia) | Jo: Maria | 22.6.1631 | Paulum Gilestri = Angelican Busutil |
Rev. D. Joannes Galia | Dominicus | 14.10.1635 | - do - |
Not. Jo Paulus Fenec | Margarita | 7. 8.1643 | - do - |
Rev. D Joannes Maria Galia | Josephus | 9.11.1646 | - do - |
Maria Schébri (Valletta) | Petrus Paulus | 29.6.1648 | - do - |
D. Bernardus Galia | Joannes | 21.1.1638 | Joe Paulum Mangion = Mariam Borg |
Rev. D. Salvalor Fenec | Salvatore | 19.3.1645 | Jo: Paulum Mangion = Mariam Borg |
Clericus Dominicus Xerri | Dominicus | 7.9.1641 | Alberti Portelli = Antonine Fenec |
Aloysius Corcep (Senglea) | Gratia | 16.5.1644 | - do - |
Rev. D. Theramus Galia (Hal Man) | Angelus | 17.2.1629 | Damiani Portelli = Angelie Fenech |
Signora Maria (il-mara ta’ Dottor Bartolomeo Mifsud) | Paulina | 21.6.1648 | Joannes Pulis = Catharinum Samut |
Clericus Dominicus Xerri | Domenica | 11.8.1641 | - do - |
D. Bernardus Galia | Clemencia | 12.2.1641 | Benedictum Sapian = Gratiam Hibeyer |
Maria Schébri (Valletta) | Dominicus | 21.10.1647 | - do - |
Luca Muscat (Lia) | Jo: Luca | 6.4.1647 | Jacobum Sciricha = Angelican Fenech |
Rev D. Joannes Gaglia | Dominicus | 14.4.1641 | Filippum Vassallo = Joanellam Vella |
Rev. D Joannes Maria Galia | Bartolomeus | 25.8.1649 | - do - |
Clericus Jo. Paulus Fenec | Linoru | 1.3.1634 | Jo: Pauli Vassallo = Agnetam Galea |
Rev. D. Bernardus Galia | Salvator | 7.5.1638 | - do - |
Rev. D. Joannes Galia | Salvator | 14.6.1644 | Jo: Pauli Vassallo = Agnetan Galea |
Clericus Dominicus Xerri | Clemencia | 1.5.1638 | Bartolomeum Xeberras = Joanellam Aquilina |
Florius Magro (Naxxar) | Gratius | 12.5.1641 | - do - |
D. Jacobus Chetcuti | Maria | 25.7.1648 | - do - |
Maria de Bono (Valletta) | Theresia | 29.1.1651 | - do - |
Magnificus Marius Portues (Valletta) | Catarina | 24.6.1652 | - do - |
Joseph Tanti (Zebbug) | Gratia | 17.11.1638 | Dominicum Xiberas = Valentiam Galia |
Rev. D. Dominicus Xerri | Vincencius | 16.4.1646 | - do - |
Clericus Dominicus Xerri | Jo: Maria | 14.8.1643 | Josephum Xebyras = Paulinam Samut |
Paulus Mifsud (Rabat) | Domenica | 29.9.1644 | - do - |
Marius Portughes (Valletta) | Petrus | 23.12.1650 | - do - |
Rev. D. Simon Bartolus | Michael | 11.1.1652 | - do - |
Rev. D. Jo: Maria Bezzina (Naxxar) | Jo: Maria | 9.6.1630 | Stefani Xerri = Agnetis Borg |
Mcus Jo: Paulus Fenec | Clemens | 30.10.1632 | - do - |
… (Naxxar) | Catharine | 6.1.1636 | Stefani Xerri = Agnetis Borg |
Michael e Maria Cumbo (Notabile) | Jo. Paulus | 17.1.1639 | - do - |
Filippus Samut (Naxxar) | Maria | 11.3.1640 | - do - |
Clericus coniugatus Jo: Paulus Fenec | Clementia | 3.12.1633 | Francisci Zamit = C’ncione Fenech |
Rev. D. Salvator Muscat (Kapp.) | Joannes | 24.7.1620 | Filippo Zarb = Domenica Samut |
Rev. D. Bernardus Galia | Maria | 17.6.1626 | - do - |
Rev. D. Joannes Galia | Thomas | 7.3.1636 | - do - |
Clericus Dominicus Xerri(?) | Gratia | 30.1.1642 | - do – |
Nota: Hawn jissemmew biss dawk il-parrinijiet li kienu nutara, qassisin jew kjerici jew li gew jghammdu minn barra mir-rahal. Tabella mfassla fuq ix-xoghol ta’ Carmel Calleja, Aspects of the Social History of Mosta (1630-1650), pp. 18-44.
Tabella XXXV: Tixrid tal-Parrinijiet 1639-1650
(p.95)
DISTRIBUTION OF GODPARENTS (1639-1650)1 | |
Village/Hamlet | Number |
---|---|
Naxaro | 24(5) |
Valletta | 11(2) |
Notabile | 11(1) |
Zebbug | 6 |
Hal Man | 7(5) |
Lia | 5(1) |
Rabato | 4 |
Atardo | 4(1) |
Singlea | 2 |
Balzano | 2 |
Zuricho | 1 |
Gozo | 1 |
Gregori | 1 |
Total | 79(15) |
Total Number of Godparents | 813 |
Note: The numbers in brackets denote that a person or persons served as godparent/s on more than one occasion.
- See A.P.M., D.L. I (1612-1640) and B.L. II (1630-1697).
(C. Calleja, op. cit., Table XII, p. 61)
(p.34) Xi familji fil-Mosta jidhru illi kienu aktar tat-tajjeb jew maghrufin u stmati minn ohrajn. Dan jidher sew mill-ghazla tal-parrinijiet. Paulum Gilestri minn Birkirkara zzewweg lil Angelicam Busuttil mill-Mosta fit-30 ta’ Gunju 1630. Binhom il-kbir Jo Maria li twieled sena wara fit 22 ta' Gunju 1631 tghammed minn Dun Mario Greco, kappillan ta’ Hal Lija u kellu bhala parrinu lil Signor Dottor Joanni Idoneo medico ta’ Hal Lija. L-erbat itfal l-ohra wkoll kellhom parrinijiet maghrufin, Dun Joannes Galia ghal Domenicus, in-Nutar Jo Paulus Fenech ghal Margerita, Dun Joannes Maria Galea ghal Josephus u Maria Schebri mill-Belt Valletta ghal Petrus Paulus. Dan ta’ l-ahhar aktarx semmewh hekk ghax twieled fid-29 ta’ Gunju 1648, nhar il-festa ta’ San Pietru u San Pawl maghrufa minna l-Maltin bhala l-Imnarja.115
Xi genituri, bhal-lum, kienu jixtiequ jghammdu ’l uliedhom f’xi rahal jew belt ohra flok fil-Mosta. F’dan il-kaz il-kappillan tal-Mosta kien jaghti nota lill-genituri li ttihom la facolta di poter battezzare lit-tarbija taghhom fit-tali rahal jew it-tali knisja. Imbaghad is-sacerdot li kien jghammed lit-tarbija kien jimla l-bqija tal-formola u jibghatha lura mal-genituri lill-kappillan tal-Mosta. Dan kien imbaghad iwahhal il-formola mal-Liber Baptizatorum. [Ara Tabella XXXVI]116
Tabella XXXVI: Mostin imghammda barra l-parrocca
(p.96)
MOSTIN BAPTISED OUTSIDE THEIR PARISH | ||
Name of Child | Date of Baptism | Parish |
---|---|---|
Jo: Maria Gilestro | 22.6.1631 | Lija (B.L. 00II (1630-1697, f. 5r) |
Gratia Mifsud | Nov. 1633 | probably at the Cathedral, Mdina (Ibid., f. 14) |
... Seichel | 2.2.1640 | Porto Salvo, Valletta (Ibid., f. 33r) |
Vincenzio Zamit | 30.11.1646 | San Paulo, Valletta (Ibid., f. 51 r) |
Jo. Maria Busottil | 25(8).10.1647 | Porto Salvo, Valletta (Ibid., f. 55r) |
Rosa Cauchi | 27.10.1647 | San Paulo, Valletta (Ibid., f. 56r) |
Paulina Pulis | 21.6.1648 | Naxxar (Ibid., f. 60r) |
Simon Borg | 28.10.1648 | ... (?) (Ibid., f. 63r) |
Gio: Maria Fenech | 29.5.1649 | Naxxar (Ibid., f. 65r) |
(C. Calleja, op. cit.,Tabella XII, p. 62)
Twelidijiet Imwahhrin u Twelidijiet “Bikrin”
(p.34) Normalment koppja mizzewga kien ikollha t-tfal kmieni kemm jista’ jkun. Izda, m’ghandniex xi nghidu, koppja kien ikollha tistenna biex il-mara tohrog tqila. Petri Aciopardi u Geronima Bartolo li zzewgu fil-21 ta’ Jannar 1623, jidhru li damu ma kellhom tarbija sa l-4 ta’ Mejju 1631 meta twieldet Maria. Biss jista’ jkun ukoll li kellhom xi tarbija f’dawn it-tmien snin li twieldet mejta. Il-kappillan tal-Mosta, trabi bhal dawn ma kienx inizzilhom la fil-Liber Baptizatorum (p.35) u lanqas fir-registru tal-mewt, il-Liber Defunctorum. Jista’ jaghti l-kaz ukoll illi l-koppja kienu telqu f’xi zmien mill-Mosta u xi tarbija li seta’ kellhom tnizzlet f’xi registru ta’ parrocca ohra. Dan li ghedna ghal dil-koppja jghodd ukoll ghal Benedictum Sapian u Gratiam Hibeijer li twelditilhom l-ewwel tifla fl-1641, tmien snin wara z-zwieg,117 Francesci Zammit u C’ncione Fenech li l-ewwel tifla Chaterina twelditilha fl-1631, tmien snin ukoll wara t-tieg u ghal xi ohrajn.
Fit-teorija wiehed seta’ biss ihaddem is-sess meta koppja tkun izzewget. Il-Koncilju ta Trentu kien heggeg lill-koppji biex ma jorqdux flimkien qabel ma jkunu hadu l-barka tal-qassis fil-knisja. L-ilsna hziena kienu ta’ sikwit itaqtqu kontra koppji li kienu jidhru flimkien wehidhom jew f’xi hinijiet li jhassbuk hazin. Aktar u aktar kienu jtaqtqu kontra xi xebba li tohrog tqila. Madankollu ma rridux nimlew rasna illi missirijietna kienu aktar kasti milli ahna ahna. Din hi impressjoni falza ta’ l-imghoddi mxerrda minn moralisti preokkupati zzejjed mid-dnubiet tal-gisem. Il-fatti kultant juru illi l-gharajjes ma kinux mistennija ma jersqux lejn xulxin qabel iz-zwieg fil-knisja. Il-Kappillan taz-Zejtun stqarr car u tond illi “hafna guvintur jorqdu ma’ l-gharajjes taghhom qabel ic-cerimonja taz-zwieg”.118
Il-maghmudijiet kollha li nsibu tmien xhur jew anqas mid-data taz-zwieg jistghu jkunu jfissru li l-gharusa harget tqila qabel ma zzewget bil-knisja. F’Malta l-percentagg ta’ twelidijiet bhal dawn hu baxx imqabbel ma’ rati ta’ l-Ingilterra, pajjiz Protestant, jew Franza, pajjiz Kattoliku. Izda xorta hu gholi bizzejjed. Bejn l-1700 u l-1797, nghidu ahna, insibu 204 kazi bhal dawn f’Hal Balzan, percentagg ta’ 4.9%. Fis-Siggiewi bejn l-1748 u l-1778 insibu 277 kaz, percentagg ta’ 5.8%. F’pajjiz bhal Colyton f’Devon, l-Ingilterra, l-percentagg bejn l-1538 u l-1799 lahaq is-46.2%.119
Mhux talli l-verginita mhux dejjem kienet haga ta’ valur izda talli t-telfa taghha kienet vantagg ghaliex turi illi x-xebba kienet fertili u seta’ jkollha t-tfal. Bhal f’Korsika, missirijietna riedu jkunu certi minn ghemilhom stess illi x-xebba kienet kapaci tohrog tqila. Insibu whud li qatghuha li jizzewgu biss bil-knisja wara li t-tfajla harget tqila jew kienet wildet diga. Infatti mis-604 koppji li bejn l-1750 u l-1798 insibu d-dispensi taz-zwieg taghhom imnizzlin fl-Arkivju Arcipretali, 162 minnhom, jigifieri 26.8 fil-mija kienu wettqu l-att sesswali qabel iz-zwieg.120
(p.36) Figuri ghall-Mosta ghat-18-il seklu m'ghandniex. Izda twelidijiet (u maghmudijiet) qabel id-disa’ xhur miz-zwieg insibuhom fir-registri tas-Seklu Sbatax. Julium Borg min-Naxxar u martu Gratiam, imwielda Cauchi, li zzewgu fil-knisja fis-7 t’Awissu 1633 kellhom l-ewwel tifel Ignatius fil-25 ta’ Marzu 1634, seba' xhur u nofs wara z-zwieg tal-koppja. loannem Galea u Catherina Samut li zzewgu fit-13 ta’ Jannar 1642 tweldilhom Domenicus fis-17 ta’ Awissu 1642, seba’ xhur wara z-zwieg. Domenico Galia li ha b’martu lil Paulinam Dingli fis-27 t’Awissu 1644 tweldilhom Jo Maria fl-1 t’April 1645, seba’ xhur ukoll wara z-zwieg, u Alexandrum Mallia li zzewweg lil Alantiam Samut fil-31 ta’ Ottubru 1649 tweldulhom tewmin, Mario u Maria fit-30 ta’ Gunju 1650, tmien xhur wara z-zwieg.121 Dawn x’aktarx kienu kazi ta' l-att sesswali mwettaq qabel ma z-zwieg gie mbierek fil-knisja, [izda, ghallinqas x’uhud minnhom, setghu kienu wkoll kazi ta’ trabi prematuri li twieldu qabel id-disa’ xhur. Ikolli nghid illi d-drawwa li fl-gharusa tohrog tqila qabel iz-zwieg xejn ma kienet imxerrda fil-Mosta, rahal ckejken fejn in-nies forsi kienet ittaqtaq aktar minn ta’ nhawi ohrajn.
Tfal Illegittmi
Lanqas tfal illegittmi ma nsibu wisq fil-Mosta. Fi zmien ta’ faqar, ta’ nisa mitluqin minn zwieghom u ta’ tahlit bla razan fl-ibliet, sikwit insibu nisa romol jghixu ma’ xi hadd li jzommhom. Il-prostituzzjoni kont taraha u tmissha kuljum. Tfal illegittmi f’Malta nsibu mhux hazin, l-aktar fl-ibliet. Fil-Mosta, fl-ewwel nofs tas-Seklu Sbatax insibu li zewg trabi, Joannella, li tghammdet fil-25 ta’ Gunju 1641 u Maria, li tghammdet fit-12 ta’ Awissu 1649, kienu thallew abbandunati fil-knisja tal-parrocca. Billi ma jidhirx li kienu tghammdu qabel (sine ullo baptismatis indicio) il-kappillan tahom is-Sagrament tal-Maghmudija sub conditione.122 Dawn it-trabi setghu kienu tfal illegittmi izda setghu kienu wkoll tfal legittmi abbandunati mill-genituri taghhom minhabba l-faqar. Ma jfissirx illi zewg trabi biss Mostin sfaw abbandunati ghaliex trabi ohrajn setghu thallew fir-ruota ta’ l-Isptar Santu Spirtu fir-Rabat jew fis-Sacra Infermeria ta’ l-Ordni fil-Belt Valletta. F’dawn l-isptarijiet it-trabi abbandunati kienu jsibu kenn u mhabba. Milli (p.37) jidher izda, il-Maltin, lejn tmiem is-Seklu Sittax kienu draw jabbuzaw minn dawn l-istituzzjonijiet u wkoll dawk li setghu jrabbu ’l uliedhom kienu kultant jabbandunawhom. Il-Knisja riedet tara x’taghmel dwar dan l-abbuz u fl-1591 l-Isqof Gargallo ddikjara din il-htija bhala dnub riservat.123 Fil-Mosta fis-sbatax-il seklu jissemmew xi nisa tad-dnub fosthom il-meretricis Flaminia Portelli illi barra z-zwieg (exillicita copula) kellha tlitt itfal: Maria li tghammdet fis-17 ta’ Novembru 1653, Domenica, mghammda fis-17 ta’ Jannar 1655, u Magdalena li tghammdet fl-4 ta’ Novembru 1658.124
Bejn l-1700 u l-1800 nafu b’mill-inqas zewg nisa, it-tnejn romol li fil-Mosta gabu t-trabi illegittmi taghhom biex jghammduhom. Fl-istess zmien fis-Siggiewi, fl-Isla, f’Hal Tarxien u f’Haz-Zabbar insibu kaz wiehed, fl-Imqabba u fin-Naxxar, bhal fil-Mosta, insibu zewg kazi, waqt li fiz-Zejtun sitt nisa romol hadu ’l uliedhom illegittmi biex jghammduhom. L-ghadd fl-ibliet tal-Belt Valletta u dawk ta’ madwar il-port kien, kif wiehed jistenna, bil-wisq aktar.125
Tabella XXXVII: Rata ta’ tfal illegittimi f’Malta – 1750-1800
(p.97)
RATE OF ILLEGITIMACY IN MALTA, 1750-1800 | |||
Locality | No. of Baptisms | No. of Illegitimacies | % |
---|---|---|---|
Malta | |||
Attard | 1,687 | 28 | 1.7 |
Balzan | 1,143 | 27 | 2.4 |
Birkirkara | 7,750 | 57 | 0.7 |
Cospicua | 12,838 | 332 | 2.6 |
Dingli | 841 | 0 | 0 |
Gharghur | 1,986 | 7 | 0.4 |
Ghaxaq | 1,950 | 21 | 1.1 |
Gudja | 1,615 | 16 | 1 |
Kirkop | 554 | 3 | 0.5 |
Lija | 1,825 | 14 | 0.8 |
Luqa | 2,245 | 21 | 0.9 |
Mdina/Rabat | 7,542 | 232 | 3.1 |
Mosta | 4,983 | 11 | 0.2 |
Mqabba | 1,447 | 23 | 1.6 |
Naxxar | 4,665 | 33 | 0.7 |
Qormi | 7,814 | 99 | 1.3 |
Qrendi | 1,640 | 7 | 0.4 |
Safi | 343 | 3 | 0.9 |
Senglea | 6,005 | 197 | 3.3 |
Siggiewi | 4,498 | 34 | 0.8 |
Tarxien | 1,741 | 25 | 1.4 |
Valletta (Porto Salvo) | 20,166 | 5,174 | 25.7 |
Valletta (St Paul’s) | 13,822 | 445 | 3.2 |
Vittoriosa | 6,664 | 400 | 6 |
Zabbar | 4,738 | 31 | 0.7 |
Zebbug | 8,666 | 47 | 0.5 |
Zejtun | 7,828 | 42 | 0.5 |
Zurrieq | 6,092 | 28 | 0.5 |
Gozo | |||
Gharb | 2,690 | 8 | 0.3 |
Nadur | 4,011 | 50 | 1.2 |
Rabat | 10,181 | 434 | 4.3 |
Sannat | 1,475 | 5 | 0.3 |
Xaghra | 3,002 | 16 | 0.5 |
Xewkija | 2,859 | 13 | 0.5 |
Zebbug | 1,309 | 6 | 0.5 |
Total | 168,615 | 7,889 | 4.7 |
(F. Ciappara, 1988, p. 84)
Tabella XXXVIII: Trabi misjuba u mghammdin fil-Parrocca ta’ Porto Salvo, Valletta – 1706-1769 ecc.
(p.98)
TABLE 6.4 ORIGIN OF FOUNDLINGS BAPTISED AT PORTO SALVO, VALLETTA. 1706-1769 | |||
Origin | No. | Origin | No. |
---|---|---|---|
Attard | 2 | Qormi | 9 |
Balzan | 2 | Qrendi | 3 |
Birkirkara | 11 | Rabat (Malta) | 8 |
Cospicua | 60 | Senglea | 105 |
Dingli | 2 | Siggiewi | 4 |
Ghaxaq | 2 | Tarxien | 3 |
Lija | 2 | Valletta | 411 |
Luqa | 3 | Vittoriosa | 24 |
Mdina | 7 | Zabbar | 1 |
Mosta | 2 | Zebbug | 23 |
Mqabba | 1 | Zejtun | 6 |
Naxxar | 1 | Zurrieq | 8 |
Sources
Lib. Bapt. VIII (1751-1765)
Lib. Bapt. IX (1766-1769)
TABLE 6.5 INFANTS BORN AT SANTO SPIRITO HOSPITAL, 1750-1800 | |||
Origin | No. | Origin | No. |
---|---|---|---|
Attard | 46 | Naxxar | 27 |
Balzan | 3 | Qormi | 33 |
Birkirkara | 11 | Qrendi | 3 |
Cospicua | 37 | Senglea | 18 |
Dingli | 18 | Siggiewi | 70 |
Gharghur | 10 | Tarxien | 2 |
Gudja | 2 | Valletta | 305 |
Kirkop | 7 | Vittoriosa | 12 |
Lija | 22 | Zabbar | 2 |
Luqa | 2 | Zebbug | 111 |
Mosta | 106 | Zejtun | 10 |
Mqabba | 9 | Zurrieq | 27 |
Sources
Lib. Bapt. IV (1716-1751)
Lib. Bapt. V (1752-1775)
Lib. Bapt. VI (1776-1803)
(F. Ciappara, op. cit. 1988), p. 85)
REFERENZI
- Dari meta t-trabi kienu jmutu kotrana, hafna drabi wara ftit sighat mit- twelid, il-genituri taghhom kienu jghammduhom kemm jista’ jkun malajr wara li jitwieldu. Hekk il-maghmudijiet nistghu nqisuhom fil-ghadd daqs it-twelidijiet.
- Calleja (1973), pp. 18-44.
- Ibid., p. 41. Ghal trabi bl-istess isem ara aktar ’il quddiem.
- Ibid., p. 24.
- Ara Ciappara (1988), pp. 106-109. Nislet biss paragrafu: “The number of stillborn children is difficult to ascertain, since with a few exceptions, they are rarely marked out in the parish registers. But those who died within a few hours of their birth amounted to a great figure. At Casal Naxxar these unimportant little beings, who were not even given a name, amounted to 30.4 percent of those who died under one year; while another third - 36.3 per cent - dragged on their existence for a few more days. At Siggiewi, during the period 1750-1799, the number of dead infants born prematurely (‘abortivus’) totalled 18, while those who were privately baptised, before, as the clerk put it ‘in coelum evolavit’, were 54.”
- Calleja (1973), p. 25.
- Ibid., p. 2%.
- Ibid., p. 29.
- Ibid., p. 35.
- Ibid., p. 38.
- Ara Ibid., pp. 49-51.
- Ibid., p. 18.
- Hal Man(n) u Hal Bordi sa l-1610 kienu jaghmlu sehem minn H’Attard. Wara saru bicca mill-parrocca ta’ Hal Lija. Skond G. F. Abela (op. cit.) f’Hal Man kienu jghixu 66 ruh ghall-habta ta’ l-1647.
- Calleja (1973), p. 32.
- Ibid., p. 65.
- Ibid., p. 36.
- AIM Processi 132A, ff. 219r-v, ikkwotat minn Ciappara (1988), pp. 76-77.
- Ara Ciappara (1988), p. 77, Table 6.1. “Pre-Marital Pregnancy rates”.
- Ibid., p. 78.
- Taghrif mislut minn Calleja (1973), pp. 18-44.
- Ibid., p. 77.
- P. Cassar, op. cit., p. 352.
- Calleja (1973), p. 78.
- Ara Ciappara (1988), pp. 79-80.
Kapitli ohra mill-ktieb
- Introduzzjoni
- Studji demografici
- Mosta issir parrocca
- Hjiel ekonomiku
- Hajja Socjo Religjuza
- Ismijiet / Kunjomijiet
- Zwigijiet
- Twelidijiet
- Imwiet
- Gheluq
- Appendici