IL-MOSTA FIZ-ZMIEN IL-HAKMA TAL-KAVALLIERI TA' SAN GWANN

Michael A. Sant

Pubblikazzjoni tal-Kunsill Lokali Mosta, 1996.

Dan il-ktieb interessantissimu jinxtara mill-Kunsill jew mill-hwienet ewlenin. Din il-verzjoni digitali taf fiha xi differenzi mill-original minhabba problemi waqt l-iskanjar li minhabba r-rizorsi limitati ma kellix cans nivverifika ghal kollox u hi raguni ohra ghala wiehed ghandu jmur dirett ghall-ktieb meta jigi biex jiehu riferenzi minnu.

GHELUQ

(p.41) Kollox jidher minn dan kollu li ghedna u minn taghrif dirett jew indirett iehor illi waslilna, li l-Mosta fi zmien il-Kavalieri kienet rahal dejjem jikber f’dak li hu ghadd tan-nies izda qajla f’dak li hu ghemil ta’ hazen. Qassisin kellna mhux hazin. Fil-lista ta’ l-Isqof Fra Davide Cocco-Palmieri (1681-1713) ta’ l-1687 insibu 12-il qassis ghall-Mosta b’popolazzjoni ta’ 1,243 ruh, jigifieri wiehed ghal kull 103.6 persuni. Dan hu proporzjon ahjar minn dak ta’, nghidu ahna, H’Attard (139.8 ghal kull sacerdot), Birkirkara (117.2), Had-Dingli (177), Hal Gharghur (175), il-Gudja (160.3), Hal Luqa (202.6), il-Qrendi (167.3), is- Siggiewi (197.6), Haz-Zabbar (280.7) jew iz-Zejtun (266) ghalkemm il-proporzjon hu aghar minn ta’ xi mkejjen ohra bhal Hal Balzan (44.7), l-lmqabba (60), Hal Tarxien (77.1), iz-Zurrieq (85.1) u m’ghandniex xi nghidu, l-Imdina (8.6). L-istatistika ta’ l-1782, kwazi mitt sena wara, turina li waqt li l-ghadd tan-nies fil-Mosta kiber u kiber sewwa, l-ghadd ta’ qassisin ma kibirx proporzjonalment u rhula ohra ghaddewna f'dal-qasam. [Ara Tabella XV] Ghal popolazzjoni ta’ 3,450 ruh insibu 17-il sacerdot (minbarra kjeriku celibi u tlieta coniugati) jigifieri wiehed ghal kull 202.2 persuni. In-Naxxar kellhom hafna aktar qassisin minna, wiehed ghal kull 51.5 persuna. Irhula ohra wkoll, issa kellhom aktar sacerdoti mqabbla ma' l-ghadd tan-nies; Haz-Zebbug (81.3), Birkirkara (88.5), Hal Gharghur (95.9), Hal Lija (62.3), H'Attard (47.5), iz- Zurrieq (84) u z-Zejtun (134), biex insemmu xi ftit.¹³⁹

Tabella XV: Il-Qadgha tal-Knisja ta’ Malta (1782)

(p.68)

Riferenza: A.A.M., Corr. XX, f. 28r.
(Ciappara, 1987, Appendici I, p. 69)

(p.41) Biss jidher, intenni, li minkejja li l-qassisin ma baqghux kotrana mal-medda taz-zmien, ir-rahal ma kienx wiehed fejn isaltan il-hazen daqs kemm kien jirrenja fl-ibliet. Il-kappillani fl-iStatus Animarum kienu jnizzlu lil kull wiehed jew wahda jekk kinux qerrew u tqarbnu fi zmien il-Gimgha Mqaddsa, kif kienet id-drawwa dak iz-zmien. Dawk il-ftit, ftit hafna, li ma kinux wettqu dan il-precett tal-Knisja kienu jitnizzlu f'lista ghalihom bhala contumaces. Sikwit kien jitnizzel ghaliex dak li jkun ma kienx wettaq il-precett tal-Knisja, jew kien (p.42) imcahhad mis-Sagramenti. X’aktarx dawn it-talin kienu jkunu prostituti jew mizzewgin separati u ngarzati ma' haddiehor. Fl-1687 insibu, nghidu ahna, tnejn f’Hal Kirkop, 4 f'Hal Gharghur u 14 f’Hal Lija, rahal kwazi jmiss maghna. Fil-Mosta, bhal fl-Imqabba u fil-Gudja, ma nsibu lil hadd. Fil-Birgu l-kappillan ma kienx izomm lista ghaliha izda lil hafna jsejhilhom meretrix, nies li kienu mcahhda mis-Sagramenti. Insibu 18 minnhom bejn is-17 u l-35 sena, kollha jghixu fl-istess xaqliba tal-belt. F'Haz-Zebbug tissemma meretrix wahda.¹⁴⁰

In-nies tal-Mosta, nies x'aktarx kwieti u tar-raba’, rari kienu, kif nghidu llum, fl-ahbarijiet. Rari ferm tisma’ b’xi contumaces, meretrix, jew peccatrici (mhux bhal Ghawdex ghal xi snin wara l-1551). Rari wkoll naqraw dwar buonavoglie, li l-kappillani kellhom ghajnejhom fuqhom, dwar nies imnizzlin bhala nella Castellania jew carcerati. Nies in curso, in levante, pirati, fuori di Malta u x'naf jien, ukoll trid tgharrex sewwa biex issibhom. Il-wahdiet li mill-irhula rurali kienu jtuha ghall-bahar jikkontrasta sewwa mal-qaghda fl-ibliet fejn ghadd sewwa ta’ nies kienu jintefghu ghal dan il-mistier.¹⁴¹ U ftit ukoll jissemmew l-ilsiera fl-irhula, maghduda maghhom il-Mosta. Mhux bhall-ibliet fejn dawn kienu jigru mas-saqajn mhux hazin u sikwit kienu kawza li xi Maltin jaqghu vittmi ta’ sharijiet u superstizzjonijiet u jitressqu quddiem l-Inkwizizzjoni. U la semmejna l-Inkwizizzjoni, ta’ min jghid illi fost dawk li tressqu, jew gew mixlija quddiem l-Inkwizizzjoni fi zmien l-Inkwizitur Antonju Pignatelli (1646-49) ma nsibux isem wiehed biss mill-Mosta. Kif wiehed jistenna, il-kotra huma jew barranin, jew mill-Belt Valletta u mit-Tlitt Ibliet. Izda nsibu xi wiehed ’l hawn u ’l hemm ukoll mill-irhula, nghidu ahna minn Hal Gharghur, minn H’Attard, minn Hal Tarxien, minn Haz-Zebbug u sahansitra minn Ghawdex.¹⁴² Fit-tliet volumi ta’ l-iStorja ta’ l-Inkwizizijoni ta’ Malta ta’ Alexander Bonnici, il-Mosta ma tissemma qatt. Dan, jidhirli, hu xhieda mill-aqwa tal-hajja kwieta, hajja tajba, hajja biezla li kienu jghaddu missirijietna l-Mostin. Mhux ghax, kif rajna, kienu lkoll angli jimxu fl-art. Kellhom taghhom ukoll. Izda l-Mosta ma kinitx il-Belt Valletta; ma kinitx wahda mit-Tlitt Ibliet. L-imqarbin kienu forsi inqas fil-ghadd minn imkejjen ohra, ukoll dawk rurali. Il-Mostin kienu x’aktarx jitwieldu fqar u jmutu fqar. Dawk li ma kellhomx ghaxja ta’ lejla, il-poveri bisognosi, dawk morda kellhom l-Universita ta’ l-Imdina biex tiehu hsiebhom.¹⁴³ Ruhhom, kif rajna, (p.43) kienet tiehu hsiebha l-Knisja. Ghal din, il-Mostin kienu jghixu u jmutu. Fuqha kienet iddur hajjithom kollha. Jitwieldu, jizzewgu, jimirdu u jmutu fiha. Mill-bqija l-jum t’ghada mhux se jgib bidliet kbar minn tal-lum. J’alla biss ghada nitrejqu.

Iz-zmien ghadda, kiber l-ghadd ta’ nies fir-rahal, twessghu l-konfini tieghu, intemmet is-sikta, is-satra, u s-semplicita ta’ l-ghajxien ekonomiku-socjali; in-nies thalltu u forsi hzienu xi ftit ukoll, minn rahal saret belt u bdiet tissemma aktar fi grajjiet pajjizha. Il-Knisja, bhal kullimkien, ma baqghetx il-kewkba kwazi wahdanija li tmexxi l-hajja tal-Mostin. Izda l-Mostin baqghu Mostin, bhal ta’ qabilhom kburin bl-imghoddi taghhom.

REFERENZI

139. Ara S. Fiorini (1986), p. 50.
140. Ibid., p. 51.
141. Ibid., p. 56.
142. Alex Bonnici, Maltin u l-Inkwizizzjoni is-Seklu Sbatax (Malta 1977), pp. 89-96, 129-131 u Appendici XI. L-istess awtur, izda, (1996) isemmi “skandlu” bejn Pietru u Katarin Dimech li l-Isqof Fra Lucas Buenos fl-1668 ordnalhom jergghu jibdew jghixu taht saqaf wiehed. (pp. 129-130).
143. Il-Municipalita (Universita) ta’ l-Imdina kienet taghti ghajnuna Finanzjarja lill-foqra fil-bzonn (“poveri bisognosi”) u lill-morda li kienu joqoghdu fl-Imdina, ir-Rabat, Had-Dingli, in-Naxxar, Hal Gharghur, Hal-Balzan, H’Attard, il-Mosta u Birkirkara. Ara P. Cassar, “Malta’s Medical and Social Services under the Knights Hospitallers”, f’V. Mallia-Milanes (Ed.) Hospitaller Malta 1530-1798 (Malta 1993), p. 476.

NOTI U REFERENZI (tal-ktieb kollu migbura kollha flimkien)

(pp.44-51)

1. S. Fiorini,“Status Animarum I: A Unique Source for 17th and 18th Century Maltese Demography", Melita Historica VIII No. 4 (1983), p. 329.
2.  A. T. Luttrell, Approaches to Medieval Malta (1975), pp. 38-39.
3. Census 85, Vol. I: A Demographic Profile of Malta and Gozo (Malta 1986), p. 9.
4. S. Fiorini, op. cit., (1983), p. 326.
5. Ibid., pp. 326-327.
6. Ibid., pp. 330-331.
7. S. Fiorini. “Status Animarum II: A Census of 1687", S. Fiorini (Ed.), Proceedings of History Week 1984 (Malta 1986), p. 44, N. 18.
8. Ibid., p. 44.
9. Census 85, op. cit., p. 52.
10. G. Wettinger, The Militia List of 1419-20: A New Starting Point for the Study of Malta's Population (1969), p. 5.
11. G. A. Vassallo, Storja ta' Malta Miktuba ghall-Poplu (Malta 1948), p. 74.
12. S. Fiorini, "Demographic Growth and the Urbanization of the Maltese Countryside to 1798", V. Mallia Milanes, Hospitaller Malta 1530-1798, pp. 297-302.
13. Ibid., pp. 303-306.
14. E.B. Vella, Storja tal-Mosta bil-Knisja Taghha migbura minn E. B. Vella u ohrajn (Malta S. N.) 1972 (ie. 1986), verzjoni riveduta ta’ l-original ta’ l-1930 u biz-zidiet sa l-1984, pp. 76-77. “Fil-Mosta hemm tifkira ta’ din il-pesta.... Dan huwa c-cimiterju zghir li hemm quddiem il-knisja ta Santa Margarita, fejn barra minn dawk is-27 li semmejna tal-pesta, gew midfuna mill-matrici tan-Naxxar u minn Hal Gharghur, 283 impestat, u li jigu mberkin kull sena fix-xahar ta’ Novembru ..."(Ibid., p. 77).
15. Ara S. Fiorini, op. cit. (1983), Appendix, Table II.
16. J. Cassar Pullicino, “Malta in 1575: Social Aspects of an Apostolic Visit”, Melita Historica II, No. 1 (1956), pp. 28-29.
17. B. Blouet, The Story of Malta (London 1967), p. 96.
18. S. Fiorini, “The Resettlement of Gozo After 1551”, Melita Historica, IX, No. 3 (1986), p. 213.
19. Dan jidher sewwa jekk wiehed jifli l-istatistika li nsibu f’ S. Fiorini, op. cit. (1983), Appendix, Table II.
20. S. Fiorini, op. cit. (1983), p. 331.
21. Ibid., pp. 33l-332.
22. E. B. Vella, op. cit., pp. 77-80. Aktar dettalji ta’ min jorbot fuqhom izjed jidhru f'Bonnici Alexander (1996), pp. 117-121.
23. J. Debono, “The Cotton Trade of Malta 1750-1800”, Archivium, No. 1 (1981), p. 94.
24. E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 216 u Nota 2.
25. G. G. Lanfranco, “The Natural History of Malta as presented by Abela in 1647”, G.F. Abela: Essays in his Honour by Members of the “Malta Historical Society”on the Third Centenary of his Death (1655-1955) (Malta 1961), pp. 49-62.
26. B. Blouet, op. cit., p. 145.
27. G. F. Abela, Descrittione di Malta (1647), p. 84 “... e situata questa Terra in posto eminente. Uno de’ migliori, e di piu buon' aria e di piu vaga e delitiosa vista, di tutta l’lsola ...”
28.  Ibid., p. 83. C. Calleja, (Aspects of the Social History of Mosta, 1630- 1650, Unpublished B. A. Dissertation, 1973, p. 56) isemmi kaz ta’ wahda Agata Vella li fl-Arkivji tal-parrocca tal-Mosta hi mnizzla bhala “paupercula”.
29.  Ara M. Richardson, Aspects of the Demography of Modern Malta, Ph.D Thesis (University of Durham 1960) p. 242.
30. Il-“motto” tal-Mosta hu Spes Alit Ruricolam (“It-Tama ssostni lill-bidwi”).
31. Skond A. Ferris, Descrizione Storica delle Chiese di Malta u Gozo (1866) ix-xoghol fuq il-knisja l-gdida ntemm fl-1614 izda skond E. B. Vella (op. cit., p. 82) ix-xoghol tal-bini tkompla sa l-1619. Dwar dawn il-knejjes zghar ara wkoll Bonnici (1996), pp. 126-127. L-awtur jishaq kemm-il darba illi l-knisja parrokkjali l-qadima kienet xoghol ta’ l-arkitett Tumas Dingli, izda mkien ma jaghti prova ta’ dan. X'aktarx, izda mhix haga certa, illi l-knisja hazzizha Dingli. Bonnici (p. 122) jaghtina deskrizzjoni qasira ta’din il-knisja.
32. V. Borg, Fabio Chigi: Apostolic Delegate in Malta (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana 1967), pp. 7l-72.
33. H. Bowen-Jones, J. C. Dewdney and W. B. Fisher, Malta: Background for Development (University of Durham 1960), p. 181.
34. Dun Gwann Bezzina ntghazel kappillan mill-Isqof Gargallo fl-10 ta’ Novembru 1610. Miet fid-29 ta’ Novembru 1617. Ara E. B. Vella op. cit. 1972 (ie. 1986), p. 265. Ara wkoll Bonnici (1996), p. 121.
35. Dun Salvator Muscat ntghazel kappillan mill-Isqof Cagliares fis-27 ta' Marzu 1618. Miet fid-9 ta' Gunju 1647 u ndifen l-ghada fir-retro altare maius in tumulo nove num. 20. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 265 u Calleja. 1973, p. 63.
36. Ma nafux ezatt meta Dun Carolus Schébri lahaq kappillan tal-Mosta. Kemm A. Ferris, op. cit., p. 469 u kemm E. W. Salamone, Memories and Charms (Rochdale, 1911), p. 15 jghidu illi Schébri ntghazel kappillan mill-Isqol Balaguer f’Awissu 1647. Izda E. B. Vella jsostni li l-hatra ta’ Schébri saret fil-25 ta’ Gunju 1647. Calleja, op. cit., p. 64, N. 53 jidhirlu li z-zewg verzjonijiet m’humiex korretti ghal kollox: l-arkivji parrokkjali juru illi Dun Karl Schébri kien diga qed jaghmilha ta' kappillan fl-14 ta’ Lulju 1647 waqt li mill-banda l-ohra Dun Gwann Galia baqa' pro tempore Rectoris sa mill-inqas id-29 ta’ Gunju 1647. Il-kappillan Schébri dam imexxi sas-sena 1671, meta ceda l-parrocca lil huh. Ara wkoll Bonnici (1996), p. 127.
37. Il-W.R.D. Gianpatist Schembi, gie mibghut wara huh mill-Isqof Astiria. Ha l-pussess fil-25 ta’ Marzu 1671 u dam kappillan tal-Mosta sa l-1675. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 265.
38. Dun Karl Schembri, dak stess li kien kappillan qabel Dun Ganbatist, intghazel mill-gdid mexxej spiritwali mill-Isqof Astiria f’Lulju 1675 u dam imexxi ’l Mosta sa l-1678. Mill-Mosta ntbaghat kappillan f’Hal Qormi. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 265.
39. Il-W.R.D. Salv Dimech minn Haz-Zebbug tqieghed kappillan tal-parrocca tal-Mosta mill-Isqof Molina. Ha l-pussess f’Gunju 1679 u miet fl-4 ta’ Frar 1697. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 265.
40. Dun Lawrenz Abela mill-Mosta tlahhaq kappillan mill-Isqof Palmieri fl-14 ta’ Lulju 1697. Abela kien professur ta’ l-ilsien Lhudi u l-ilsien Gharbi. Abela miet fit-28 ta’ Frar 1742. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 266.
41. Il-W.R.D. Gwann Anglu Sammut mill-Mosta msejjah kappillan mill-Isqof Alpheran. Ha l-pussess fl-20 t’April 1742 u miet fis-26 ta’ Marzu 1758. Il-kappillan Sammut ghandu l-lapida tieghu fil-kappella tal-Kurcifiss gewwa l-knisja l-gdida. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 266.
42. Dun Salv Pace, Zebbugi, ntghazel kappillan tal-Mosta fl-1758, izda kellu jitlaq ir-riedni wara sena meta tilef il-kawza minn Ruma ma’ Dun Nerik Audibert. Sentejn wara l-Isqof ghamlu kappillan tas-Siggiewi. Ara E. B Vella op. cit., p. 266. Ara wkoll F. Ciappara, Mill-Qighan ta’ l-Istorja: ll-Kappillani fis-SekluTmintax (1987), p. 43, Not. 18.
43. Il-W.R.D. Nerik Audibeit, Senglean, intghazel kappillan tal-Mosta minn Ruma u ha l-pussess fit-8 ta’ Lulju 1759. Dam il-Mosta sa l-1764. Miet hames snin wara u ndifen fl-lsla. Ara E. B. Vella op. cit., p. 266.
    Naqraw f’Ciappara op. cit., p. 12: “Generalment l-Isqof kien jaghzel lill-kappillani b’ezami, ghalkemm mhux l-ewwel darba li xi whud ma accettawx ir-rizultat. Meta fis-26 ta’ Mejju, 1757 miet il-kappillan tal-Mosta, Dun Gio. Angelo Zammit (Zammit jew Sammut?) intghazel minfloku Dun Salv Pace; imma Dun Enrico Audibert, wiehed mill-konkorrenti, appella Ruma u rebah il-kawza ...”.
44. Il-W.R.D. Filippu Guliermu Seychell, min-Naxxar, intbaghat kappillan il-Mosta mill-Isqof Rull u dahal fix-xoghol tieghu f’Jannar 1764. Miet kmieni ta’ 39 sena fit-22 ta’ Jannar 1771. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 266.
45. Il-W.R.D. Salv Saver Bonmci, mir-Rabat, inhatar kappillan fil-Mosta mill-Isqof Pellerano u dahal ghax-xoghol tieghu fit-30 ta’ Mejju 1771. Baqa’ kappillan sa ma miet fis-16 ta’ Jannar 1794. Fi zmien il-kappillan Bonnici saret il-konsagrazzjoni tal-Knisja l-Qadima. Bit-thabrik tieghu giet il-Mosta r-relikwa ta’ San Pacifku Martri. Thabat biex ikabbar il-limiti tal-Mosta. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 266 u Nota 1.
    Ciappara,   op. cit., pp. 1l-12 jaghtina xi taghrif iehor dwar il-kappillan Bonnici. Jghidilna: “Dun Salv Bonnici tal-Mosta ma ried lil hadd jindahallu fit-tmexxija tal-parrocca; u meta l-Vigarju Generali, Dun Gejtanu Grech, nhar il-Milied ta’ l-1779, ordnalu jlaqqa’ lill-Fratellanzi tas-Sagrament u tar-Ruzarju oppona bil-qawwa. Il-knisja kienet tieghu, sahaq mal-Promutur Fiskali Generali, u hadd hliefu ma seta’ jikkmandaha. Kien ghalhekk li gie arrestat f’daru, u t-tmexxija tal-parrocca nghatat lill-Vici Dun Felic Mangion, sakemm gie mehlus l-ghada.”
46. Il-W.R.D. Guzepp Farrugia mill-Belt Valletta ntbaghat kappillan il-Mosta mill-Isqof Labini. Ha l-pussess f’April 1794 u dam imexxi l-erwieh fir-rahal sa l-1797. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 267.
47. Il-W.R.D. Felic Calleja kien Zurrieqi. Minn kappillan f’Hal Balzan, Mons. Labini fi Frar 1797 tah f’idejh il-parrocca tal-Mosta. Miet fl-20 ta’ Frar 1833, u meta nbniet ir-Rotunda gismu gibuh fil-kappella tar-Ruzarju tal-knisja l-gdida illi taghha hu kien il-fundatur. Ara E. B. Vella, op. cit., p. 267.
48. Ciappara, op. cit., p. 55.
49. A. Bonnici, History of the Church in Malta Vol. II, Period III 1530- 1800, p. 36. Bonnici jaghtina dettalji dwar id-dmirijiet tal-kappillani f’pp. 35-36 u 48-63.
50. Ara Ciappara, op. cit., pp. 13-15.
51. Ibid., pp. 15-16.
52. Ibid., pp. 16-17. Ciappara jghidilna illi “Dun Salv Bonnici, tal-Mosta … kien interressat. Rosa, mart Mikiel Frendo, kienet mara fqira u mizerabbli. Meta kienet qieghda tmut ma marx jassistiha; anzi lil Dun Gammari Pullicino ma halliehx iqaddsilha u jaghmlilha l-Libera minghajr id-drittijiet parrokkjali” (p. 16).
53. Ibid., pp. 17-19.
54. Ibid., p. 21.
55. Ara V. Borg Fabio Chigi: Apostolic Delegate in Malta (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1967), p. 78.
56. A. Bonnici, “I Vescovi di Malta Baldassare Cagliares (1615-1633) e Michele Balaguer (1635-1663”, Melita Historica, (1969), Vol. V, No. 2, p. 127. “Nel vescovato di Malta i Chierici non servono mai a Chiesa, vestono alla moda: chi alla francese, chi alla lombarda di colore, con armi di ogni sorte, capigliatura da donna con galane sui capelli; fanno i soldati sulle galere e vascelli di corte, il falegname, il muratore, il tavernaro, il beccaro, et il pizzicarolo; ne si fanno chierici se non per non far la guardia, per non portar cavallo, non pagar datii, e per caso di qualche delitto.”
57. Ara Ciappara (1987), p. 24.
58. Calleja(1973), p. 86. Bonnici (1996), p. 125, jaghtina taghrif inteessanti dwar il-qassis Mosti, Dun Salv Fenech.
59. Ciantar, fiz-zieda tieghu fuq l-istoriku Abela (Abela-Ciantar, Malta lllustrata, 1780, Lib. 1, Not. VIII, pp. 272-273) mhux ta’ min joqghod fuqu meta jghidilna inter alia illi fis-sena c. 1780 fil-Mosta kien hemm iservu tliet qassisin, djaknu, tliet kjerici mhux mizzewga u kjeriku mizzewweg, waqt li fin-Naxxar, b’inqas nies jghammru hemmhekk, kien hemm ghall-kura ta’ l-erwieh sebgha u tletin qassis u ghoxrin kjeriku.
60. Ara Calleja (1973), p. 83, Nota 78.
61. A. Bonnici, History of the Church ...op. cit., pp. 93-95.
62. A. A. M. Vis. Past. XII, f. 137V. Ara Calleja (1973), p. 76. Ara wkoll Bonnici (1996), p. 129.
63. Ara S. Fiorini (1983), p. 339.
64. Calleja (1973), p. 66.
65. P. Cassar, Medical History of Malta (London 1964), p. 225. Il-vjaggatur Ingliz George Sandys, li zar lil pajjizna fl-ewwel snin tas- Seklu 17, kiteb sarkastikament illi kien hemm tliet kunventi tas-sorijiet fil-Belt Valletta “the one for Virgins, another for penitent Whores (of impenitent here are store) and the third for their Bastards”. (G. Sandys, Sandys Travels, London 1673, p. 182).
66. Ara G. Wettinger, “The Distribution of Surnames in Malta in 1419 and the 1480s”, Journal of Maltese Studies No. 5, 1968,pp. 25-48; G. Wettinger, “The Militia List of 1419-20”, Melita Historica,Vol. V, No. 2 (1969), pp. 80-106; G. Wettinger, “The Militia Roster of Watch Duties in 1417”, Armed Forces of Malta Journal, No. 32, Oct. 1979, p. 25-42.
67. Ara S. Fiorini (1986), Table X “Gozitan/Maltese Matchings, 1560- 1576”, p. 229.
68. L-isem “Johannes”, il-qaddis patrun ta’ l-Ordni ta’ San Gwann, m’hux wisq komuni meta tqis kollox ma’ kollox. Ta’ sikwit izda nsibuh imwahhad ma’ ismijiet ohra bhal Jo: Maria, Jo: Paulus, Jo: Domenicus, Jo: Petrus, Jo: Lucas, Jo: Andreas u Jo: Vincencius. Ara Calleja (1973), pp. 90-91.
69. G. Wettinger, “The Militia List ...”, op. cit., p. 7.
70. Ara kemm il-kunjom Galea (Galia) kien jiddomina fost il-qassisin tal-Mosta. Tabella XIII, “List of Priests at Mosta, 1630-1650”.
71. Il-kunjom “Sant” insibuh bhala “ Assant” fiz-Zminijiet tan-Nofs (Ara G. Wettinger, “The Militia List ...”, op. cit., p. 10). Kien l-aktar popolari fl-inhawi ta’ Hal Gharghur, Naxxar u mbaghad qajla qajla beda jinxtered lejn il-Mosta u lejn inhawi ohrajn. Fil-Mosta fegg bejn l-1650 u l-1687 meta f’dis-sena nsibu hamsa min-nies b’dan il-kunjom. Ara Tabella XIX.
72. Ara Fiorini (1984), p. 54 u p. 57, N. 50.
73. Ibid., p. 96.
74. Ibid., p. 67. Ara wkoll S. Fiorini (1986), p. 207.
75. G. Wettinger, “Arabo-Berber influences in Malta: Onomastic evidence”, Proceedings of the First Congress on Mediterranean Studies of Arabo-Berber Influence, Malta (1973), p. 487.
76. S. Fiorini (1984), p. 68.
77. Ibid., pp. 68-69.
78. Ibid., p. 69.
79. Ibid.
80. Calleja (1973), p. 93. [Ara Tabella XVIII], Fiorini (1984), p. 71.
81. G. Wettinger, “The Militia List ...” op. cit., p. 12.
82. G. Wettinger, “The Militia Roster ...” op. cit., p. 36.
83. Calleja (1973), p. 90.
84. F. Ciappara, Marriage in Malta in the Late Eighteenth Century (Malta 1988), pp. 47-48.
85. Calleja (1973), p. 50.
86. Ara Ciappara (1988), Table 4.2 u 4.3, pp. 49-50.
87. Ibid.,pp. 5l-52.
88. Ibid., Appendix A, pp. 12l-123.
89. Ibid., p. 27.
90. Ibid., Appendix F, pp. 129-130.
91. Ibid.,p. 96.
92. Ibid., p. 47.
93. Ibid., p. 58 u Table 4.5. p. 59. M'ghandniex xi nghidu kienet haga aktar hafifa li armel jerga' jizzewweg milli armla ssib sieheb gdid. Izda armla wkoll gieli kienet issib terga' tizzewweg u l-aktar jekk kellha l-art jew il-flus.
94. Ara Ciappara (1988), p. 91 u Nota 1. Ara wkoll Tabella XXV.
95. Ibid., p. 100 u Nota 65.
96. AIM. Processi 131B. ff.632r-638v. ikkwotat minn Ciappara (1988), p. 101.
97. Ciappara (1988). p. 79.
98. AIM. Processi 136A. ff. 15r-19v ikkwotat minn ibid., p. 38.
99. Del Dritto Municipale di Malta, p. 115, par. VI.
100. Ciappara (1988), pp. 33-36.
101. Calleja (1973), p. 76.
102. Dari meta t-trabi kienu jmutu kotrana, hafna drabi wara ftit sighat mit- twelid, il-genituri taghhom kienu jghammduhom kemm jista’ jkun malajr wara li jitwieldu. Hekk il-maghmudijiet nistghu nqisuhom fil-ghadd daqs it-twelidijiet.
103. Calleja (1973), pp. 18-44.
104. Ibid., p. 41. Ghal trabi bl-istess isem ara aktar ’il quddiem.
105. Ibid., p. 24.
106. Ara Ciappara (1988), pp. 106-109. Nislet biss paragrafu: “The number of stillborn children is difficult to ascertain, since with a few exceptions, they are rarely marked out in the parish registers. But those who died within a few hours of their birth amounted to a great figure. At Casal Naxxar these unimportant little beings, who were not even given a name, amounted to 30.4 percent of those who died under one year; while another third - 36.3 per cent - dragged on their existence for a few more days. At Siggiewi, during the period 1750-1799, the number of dead infants born prematurely (‘abortivus’) totalled 18, while those who were privately baptised, before, as the clerk put it ‘in coelum evolavit’, were 54.”
107. Calleja (1973), p. 25.
108. Ibid., p. 28.
109. Ibid., p. 29.
110. Ibid., p. 35.
111. Ibid., p. 38.
112. Ara Ibid., pp. 49-51.
113. Ibid., p. 18.
114. Hal Man(n) u Hal Bordi sa l-1610 kienu jaghmlu sehem minn H’Attard. Wara saru bicca mill-parrocca ta’ Hal Lija. Skond G. F. Abela (op. cit.) f’Hal Man kienu jghixu 66 ruh ghall-habta ta’ l-1647.
115. Calleja (1973), p. 32.
116. Ibid., p. 65.
117. Ibid., p. 36.
118. AIM Processi 132A, ff. 219r-v, ikkwotat minn Ciappara (1988), pp. 76-77.
119. Ara Ciappara (1988), p. 77, Table 6.1. “Pre-Marital Pregnancy rates”.
120. Ibid., p. 78.
121. Taghrif mislut minn Calleja (1973), pp. 18-44.
122. Ibid., p. 77.
123. P. Cassar, op. cit., p. 352.
124. Calleja (1973), p. 78.
125. Ara Ciappara (1988), pp. 79-80.
126. Calleja (1973), p. 66.
127. Id. Ibid.
128. Ciappara (1988), p. 106. Ara wkoll Nota 106.
129. Ibid., pp. 106-108.
130. P. Cassar, op. cit., p. 154.
131. Ibid., p. 170.
132. E. B. Vella, op. cit., pp. 76-77.
133. P. Cassar op. cit., p. 172.
134. Joseph Micallef, The Plague of 1676: 11,300 Deaths, p. 118.
135. P. Cassar, op. cit. pp. 339-341.
136. Calleja (1973), p. 67.
137. Ibid., p. 76.
138. A. Bonnici, History of the Church in Malta, op. cit., p. 61.
139. Ara S. Fiorini (1986), p. 50.
140. Ibid., p. 51.
141. Ibid., p. 56.
142. Alex Bonnici, Maltin u l-Inkwizizzjoni is-Seklu Sbatax (Malta 1977), pp. 89-96, 129-131 u Appendici XI. L-istess awtur, izda, (1996) isemmi “skandlu” bejn Pietru u Katarin Dimech li l-Isqof Fra Lucas Buenos fl-1668 ordnalhom jergghu jibdew jghixu taht saqaf wiehed. (pp. 129-130).
143. Il-Municipalita (Universita) ta’ l-Imdina kienet taghti ghajnuna Finanzjarja lill-foqra fil-bzonn (“poveri bisognosi”) u lill-morda li kienu joqoghdu fl-Imdina, ir-Rabat, Had-Dingli, in-Naxxar, Hal Gharghur, Hal-Balzan, H’Attard, il-Mosta u Birkirkara. Ara P. Cassar, “Malta’s Medical and Social Services under the Knights Hospitallers”, f’V. Mallia-Milanes (Ed.) Hospitaller Malta 1530-1798 (Malta 1993), p. 476.

BIBLIJOGRAFIJA

(p.104-105)

Minbarra rapport ta’ zjajjar Pastorali u dokumenti dwar Maghmudijiet, Zwigijiet u Mwiet mizjnuma fl-arkivju tal-Parrocca tal-Mosta (ara “Noti u Referenzi”) kienu ta’ ghajnuna dawn il-kotba, artikli u tezijiet:

• Abela, G.F., Della Descrittione di Malta Isola nel Mare Siciliano. Malta, 1647.
• Abela-Ciantar G., Malta lllustrata. Malta, 1772-80.
• Blouet B., The Story of Malta, London, 1967.
• Bonnici Alexander, “I Vescovi di Malta Baldassare Cagliares (1615-1633) e Michele Balaguer (1635-1663)”, MelitaHistorica V, 2 (1969), 114-157.
• Id., Maltin u l-lnkwizizzjoni f’Nofs is-Seklu Sbatax. Malta, 1977.
• Id., Storja ta’ l-lnkwizizzjoni ta’ Malta, Vol. 1, Malta 1990; II, 1992; III, 1994.
• Id., “Il-Mosta u l-Parrocca f’gieh l-Assunta: Hajja Nisranija, Arti u Festi fi Problemi tal-Bidu (1608-1668)”. A. Bonnici, Storja ta’ Malta fi Grajjiet il-Knisja. Malta, 1996, 116-131.
• Bonnici Arturo, History of the Church in Malta, Vol II, Period III 1530-1800 Malta, 1968.
• Borg V., Fabio Chigi: Apostolic Delegate in Malta, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1967.
• Bowen-Jones H„ Dewdney J.C., Fisher W.B., Malta: Background for Development. University of Durham, 1960.
• Calleja Carmel, Aspects of the Social History of Mosta 1630-1650. Unpublished B.A. Dissertation, University of Malta, 1973.
• Cassar Paul, Medical History of Malta, London, 1964.
• Id., “Malta’s Medical and Social Services under the Knights Hospitallers”, V. Mallia-Milanes, Hospitaller Malta 1530-1798, (Malta 1993), 475-482.
• Cassar-Pullicino J., “Malta in 1575: Social Aspects of an Apostolic Visit”, Melita Historica II, 1 (1956), 19-41.
• Central Office of Statistics, Census ’85, Vol. I: A Demographic Profile of Malta and Gozo, Malta, 1986.
• Ciappara F., Mill-Qighan ta’ l-lstorja: ll-Kappillani fis-Seklu Tmintax, Malta, 1987.
• Id., Marriage in Malta in the Late Eighteenth Century, Malta, 1988.
• Debono J., “The Cotton Trade in Malta 1750-1800”, Archivum (1981), 94- 125.
• Ferris A., Descrizione Storica delle Chiese di Malta e Gozo, Malta, 1866.
• Fiorini S., “Status Animarum I: A Unique Source for 17th and 18th Century Maltese Demography”, Melita Historica VIII, 4 (1983), 325-344.
• Id., “The Resettlement of Gozo after 1551”, Melita Historica IX, 3 (1986), 203-244.
• Id., “Status Animarum II: A Census of 1687”, Proceedings of History Week 1984, ed. S. Fiorini (Malta 1986), 41-100.
• Id., “Demographic Growth and the Urbanization of the Maltese Countryside to 1798”, V. Mallia-Milanes, Hospitaller Malta 1530-1798, (Malta 1993), 297-310.
• Lanfranco G.G., “The Natural History of Malta as Presented by Abela in 1647”, G.F. Abela: Essays in His Honour by Members of the Malta Historical Society on the Third Centenary of His Death 1655-1955. Malta. 1961, 49-62.
• Luttrell A.T., Approaches to Medieval Malta, London, 1975.
• Micallef J., The Plague of 1676: 11,300 Deaths, Malta (bla data).
• Richardson M., Aspects of the Demography of Modern Malta, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Durham, 1960.
• Sal0mone E.W., Musta, Memories and Charms, Rochdale, 1911.
• Vassallo G.A., Storja ta’ Malta Miktuba ghall-Poplu, Malta, 1948.
• Vella E.B., Storja tal-Mosta bil-Knisja Taghha, migbura minn E.B. Vella u ohrajn. (Malta S.N.) 1972 (i.e. 1986), verzjoni riveduta ta’ l-original ta' l-1930 u biz-zidiet sa l-1984.
• Wettinger G., “The Distribution of Surnames in Malta in 1419 and the 1480’s”, Journal of Maltese Studies 5 (1968), 25-48.
• Id., “The Militia first of 1419-20: A New Starting Point for the Study of Malta’s Population”, Melita Historica V, 2 (1969), 80-106.
• Id., “Arabo-Berber influences in Malta: Onomastic evidence”, Proceedings of the First Congress on Mediterranean Studies of Arabic-Berber Influence, (Malta 1973), 48-67.
• Id., “The Militia Roster of Watch Duties in 1417”, The Armed Forces of Malta Journal, 32 (1979), 25-42.

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Kapitli ohra mill-ktieb

0. Introduzzjoni
1. Studji demografici
2. Mosta issir parrocca
3. Hjiel ekonomiku
4. Hajja Socjo Religjuza
5. Ismijiet / Kunjomijiet
6. Zwigijiet
7. Twelidijiet
8. Imwiet
9. Gheluq
10. Appendici