IL-MOSTA FIZ-ZMIEN IL-HAKMA TAL-KAVALLIERI TA' SAN GWANN
Michael A. Sant
Pubblikazzjoni tal-Kunsill Lokali Mosta, 1996.
Dan il-ktieb interessantissimu jinxtara mill-Kunsill jew mill-hwienet ewlenin. Din il-verzjoni digitali taf fiha xi differenzi mill-original minhabba problemi waqt l-iskanjar li minhabba r-rizorsi limitati ma kellix cans nivverifika ghal kollox u hi raguni ohra ghala wiehed ghandu jmur dirett ghall-ktieb meta jigi biex jiehu riferenzi minnu.
ZWIGIJIET FIL-MOSTA
(p.25) Mil-Liber Matrimoniorum, m’ghandniex xi nghidu, nitghallmu hafna dwar zwigijiet fil-Mosta. Ghalkemm ghal dan l-istudju qghadna l-aktar fuq is-snin 1630-50, xi taghrif dwar zwigijiet fi zmenijiet ohra fil-Mosta waslilna wkoll.
Bejn is-snin 1612 u l-1629 l-akbar ghadd ta’ zwigijiet fil-Mosta kien ta’ tnax (1625 u 1629) u l-izghar ghadd kien ta’ tnejn (1614). Bejn l-1630 u l-1650 l-akbar ghadd ta’ zwigijiet f’sena wahda tela ghal sbatax (1639) u l-izghar ghadd kien ta’ tlieta (1638). Nifhmuha mela ghaliex l-ghadd fis-sena ta’ wara tela ghal sbatax. [Ara Tabella XX]
Tabella XX: Ghadd ta’ zwigijiet 1612-1650
(p.76)
NUMBER OF MARRIAGES1 | |||
1612-1629 | 1630-1650 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Year | Total | Year | Total |
1612 | 8 | 1630 | 8 |
1613 | 5 | 1631 | 4 |
1614 | 2 | 1632 | 6 |
1615 | 7 | 1633 | 10 |
1616 | 6 | 1634 | 12 |
1617 | 6 | 1635 | 7 |
1618 | 4 | 1636 | 14 |
1619 | 6 | 1637 | 4 |
1620 | 8 | 1638 | 3 |
1621 | 8 | 1639 | 17 |
1622 | 8 | 1640 | 13 |
1623 | 8 | 1641 | 15 |
1624 | 5 | 1642 | 11 |
1625 | 12 | 1643 | 10 |
1626 | 3 | 1644 | 7 |
1627 | 8 | 1645 | 13 |
1628 | 3 | 1646 | 13 |
1629 | 12 | 1647 | 14 |
1648 | 5 | ||
1649 | 10 | ||
1650 | 8 |
- See A.P.M., M.L. I (1611-1701).
(Carmel Calleja, op. cit., tab. IX)
(p.25) Issa l-akbar ghadd ta’ zwigijiet kienu jkunu endogami, ta’ Mostin mal-Mostin. Zwigijiet endogami kienu wkoll ir-regola f’xi nahiet ohra rurali. Izda mhux f’kollha. Waqt li fis-Siggiewi, zwigijiet endogami kienu ta’ 61.8 fil-mija fil-perjodu 1750-1800 u fil-Mosta 58.1%, f’Hal Balzan il-percentagg kien biss ta' 24.4%, f Hal Kirkop 24.2%, f’Hal Lija 35.3% u f’Hal Ghaxaq 33.2%. F’Ghawdex, kif wiehed jistenna, ir-rata ta’ zwigijiet endogami kienet x’aktarx gholja, 53.3% (p.26) fix-Xewkija u 70.2% fl-Gharb.84 Dawn il-figuri kienu xhieda li l-qawl Malti: “Baqra tajba tinbiegh f’pajjizha”, ma kienx inholoq ghal xejn.
Bejn l-1630 u l-1650 minn 204 zwieg b’kollox, 83 minnhom kienu ta’ barranin li hadu tfajliet Mostin. Il-guvintur, kif wiehed jistenna, gew l-aktar min-Naxxar (24 wiehed) u mir-Rabat (20). Izda gew ukoll minn inhawi ohra, maghduda 4 minn Ghawdex. [Ara Tabella XXI] Fi zmien meta l-missirijiet kienu x’aktarx jinnegozjaw iz-zwieg ta’ binthom nifhmu kif bdiewa jew rahhala Mostin irrangaw zwigijiet ma’ tfal “bil-ghaqal” sahansitra minn Ghawdex. Nghidu ahna fil-5 ta’ Frar 1636 l-Ghawdxi Lucium Cardona izzewweg lil Speranziam Camenzuli mill-Mosta.85
Tabella XXI: Barranin li zzewgu fil-Mosta 1630-50
(p.77)
OUTSIDERS MARRYING AT MOSTA (1630-1650)1 | |
Village/ Hamlet | Number |
---|---|
Naxaro | 24 |
Rabato | 20 |
Lia | 9 |
Attard | 8 |
Birchircara | 4 |
Gozo | 4 |
Gregorio (Gargur) | 3 |
Dingli | 2 |
Balzano | 2 |
Curmi | 2 |
Zebbug | 1 |
Crendi | 1 |
Sigievi | 1 |
Singlea | 1 |
Bordi | 1 |
Total | 83 Males |
Total Number of Marriages | 204 |
- See A.P.M., M.L. I (1611-1701).
(Calleja, op. cit., Tab. X)
(p.26) M’ghandniex xi nghidu, guvintur Mostin ukoll kienu jizzewgu barra mir-rahal. Biex naghtu ezempju, bejn l-1750 u l-1797 wiehed u ghoxrin Mosti zzewweg Hal Lija u hdax-il Mosti iehor izzewweg is-Siggiewi. Mostin ohra zzewgu band’ohra.86 Hadd mill-Mosta ma zzewweg tfajliet fl-Gharb jew fix-Xewkija f’dan il-perjodu, izda zwigijiet ta’ Mostin fi nhawi ohra t’Ghawdex saru. [Ara Tabella XXII]
Tabella XXII: Pajjiz l-irgiel gharajjes 1750-1797
(p.78)
ORIGIN OF BRIDEGROOMS, 1750-1797 (MALTA) | |||||
Lija | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lija | 122 | Attard | 15 | Tarxien | 3 |
Zebbug | 32 | Mdina/Rabat | 10 | Gozo | 2 |
Naxxar | 31 | Qormi | 8 | Senglea | 2 |
Birkirkara | 22 | Siggiewi | 8 | Zejtun | 2 |
Balzan | 21 | Gharghur | 5 | Ghaxaq | 1 |
Mosta | 21 | Luqa | 4 | Gudja | 1 |
Valletta | 19 | Dingli | 3 | Vittoriosa | 1 |
Sources Lib. Matr. III (1679-1754) Lib. Matr. IV (1755-1869) |
|||||
Siggiewi | |||||
Siggiewi | 465 | Dingli | 9 | Kirkop | 3 |
Zebbug | 66 | Naxxar | 8 | Senglea | 3 |
Zurrieq | 35 | Attard | 7 | Vittoriosa | 2 |
Mdina/Rabat | 28 | Balzan | 6 | Gozo | 1 |
Mqabba | 26 | Cospicua | 6 | Gudja | 1 |
Qrendi | 25 | Birkirkara | 5 | Lija | 1 |
Qormi | 17 | Luqa | 5 | Safi | 1 |
Valletta | 13 | Ghaxaq | 4 | Tarxien | 1 |
Mosta | 11 | Gharghur | 3 | Zabbar | 1 |
Sources Lib. Matr. III (1723-1784) Lib. Matr. IV (1784-1835) |
(F. Ciappara, Marriage in Malta in the Late Eighteenth Century, 1988, p. 49)
(p.26) Kultant kien ikun hemm impediment ghaz-zwieg, x’aktarx minhabba illi l-gharajjes kienu jigu minn xulxin fil-qrib (konsangwinita). Izda gieli kien hemm impedimenti ohra minhabba relazzjonijiet sesswali (“ex acta fornicatio”) nghidu ahna m’omm jew oht l-gharusa. Impedimenti ohra setghu jsehhu meta l-gharus jew l-gharusa kien jew kienet parrinu/a fil-maghmudija jew fil-Grizma ta’ l-Isqof ta’ xi hadd fil-familja fejn sejjer jew sejra tizzewweg. U impediment iehor kien meta wiehed jizzewweg wahda li kien jghix maghha f’adulterju. Issa fil-Mosta bejn l-1750 u l-1800 insibu 16-il dispensa minn impediment minhabba konsangwinita u hamsa minhabba relazzjonijiet sesswali kif semmejna. Minhabba ragunijiet ohra ma nsibux impedimenti. Interessanti nqabblu dawn il-figuri ma’ dawk tal-Belt Valletta fejn l-ghadd hu wisq oghla u ma’ dawk ta’ Ghawdex fejn id-dispensi, l-aktar minhabba konsangwinita fiz-zwieg, kien wisq oghla.87 [Ara Tabella XXIII]
Tabella XXIII: Dispensi taz-zwieg f’Malta 1750-1800
(p.79)
MARRIAGE DISPENSATIONS IN MALTA, 1750-1800 (NUMBERS IN BRACKETS DENOTE COMMON RELATIONSHIP) | |||||
Consanguinity | Affinity | Spiritual Cognizance |
Public Honesty |
Crime | |
Attard | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
Balzan | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
Birkirkara | 17 | 6 | - | - | 1 |
Cospicua | 16 | 3 | - | - | - |
Dingli | 7 | 2 | - | - | - |
Gharghur | 6 | 3 | - | - | - |
Ghaxaq | 4 | 3 | - | - | - |
Gudja | 6 | 4 | (1) | - | - |
Kirkop | - | - | - | - | |
Lija | 4 | 1 | - | - | - |
Luqa | 3 | 3 | (1) | - | - |
Mdina/Rabat | 17 | 2 | - | - | - |
Mosta | 16 | 5 | - | - | - |
Mqabba | 3 | 3 | - | - | - |
Naxxar | 13 | 3 | - | - | - |
Qormi | 6 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
Qrendi | 3 | 1 | - | - | - |
Safi | - | - | - | - | - |
Senglea | 12 | 2 | 2 | - | 1 |
Siggiewi | 3 | 3 | - | 1 | (1) |
Tarxien | 2 | - | - | - | - |
Valletta | 60 | 13 | 9 | 2 | 2 |
Vittoriosa | 6 | 2 | - | - | - |
Zabbar | 10 | 1 | - | - | - |
Zebbug | 17 | 7 | 1 | - | - |
Zejtun | 18 | 4 | - | - | - |
Zurrieq | 12 | - | - | - | - |
Gozo | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gharb | 57 | 10 | (1) | - | - |
Nadur | 53 | 12 | - | - | - |
Rabat | 85 | 13 | 2 | 1 | - |
Sannat | 18 | 2 | - | - | - |
Xaghra (Caccia) | 27 | 10 | - | 1 | - |
Xewkija | 18 | 10 | - | - | - |
Zebbug | 15 | 5 | - | - | - |
Unidentified | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
Total | 539 | 136 | 15 | 6 | 4 |
(F. Ciappara, 1988, p. 52)
(p.26) Xi zwigijiet f’Malta, bhal barra (ara I Promessi Sposi), kienu ta’ xejra klandestina. X’uhud kienu jichdu li jizzewgu lil dak li jkun ghazlilhom missierhom izda jippruvaw jizzewgu bil-mohbi lill-mahbub li jkunu ghazlu huma. Fil-Mosta, bejn l-1750 u l-1800, ma nsibux kaz wiehed ta’ zwieg klandestin. Daz-zwigijiet insibuhom l-aktar, kif (p.27) wiehed jistenna, fil-Belt Valletta u fit-Tlitt Ibliet.88 Izda attentat biex il-mahbubin jissorprendu lill-kappillan u jzewwighom, sar fil-Mosta. Izda Dun Filippo Gugliermo Seychell induna illi l-kavalier bla voti Santnin u t-tfajla tieghu kienu qeghdin jistennewh. X’ghamel? Harbilhom minn daru baxx baxx billi ghaddielhom mill-bieb tal-gnien u mar il-Belt biex jghid kollox lill-Isqof.89
Xi zwigijiet kienu poligami, meta wiehed mill-gharajjes kien diga mizzewweg lil ragel jew mara ohra. Fil-Mosta, ghallinqas bejn l-1754 u l-1785, ma nsibu l-ebda kaz bhal dan. L-aktar kazi komuni kienu fejn jidhlu l-barranin.90 L-Inkwizituri kienu jkunu horox sewwa f’kazi bhal dawn.
Xi Maltin, kif semmejna, kienu jizzewgu barranin u dan kien isehh l-aktar fejn kien hemm l-aktar tahlit, jigifieri, ghal darb’ohra, fil-Belt Valletta u fit-Tlitt Ibliet. Ftit insibu kazi bhal dawn fl-irhula. Hadd mill-Mosta bejn l-1630 u l-1650 ma zzewweg barrani u trid tgharrex sewwa biex issib xi hadd li ghamel hekk fis-snin ta’ wara. Bejn l-1750 u l-1800 waqt li fil-Birgu, nghidu ahna, 40 mara zzewgu barrani, ma nsibu l-ebda tfajla minn Hal Balzan, Hal Lija, Hal Kirkop, is-Siggiewi jew il-Mosta li zzewget ragel barrani.91
Rari li xi Maltin kienu jizzewgu lsiera. Bejn l-1750 u l-1798 ma nsibu anqas kaz wiehed biss f’Hal Balzan jew Hal Kirkop. F’Hal Lija, f’Hal Qormi u fil-Mosta nsibu kaz wiehed biss ta’ lsir jizzewweg xebba Maltija. Fl-Imqabba fl-istess zmien insibu zewg kazi.92
Normalment dari, bhal-lum, bniedem kien jizzewweg darba biss. Iz-zwieg ghal hajtek kollha. Izda fi zmien meta n-nies kienu jmutu x’aktarx zghar, irgiel kienu jintemmu fil-jasar u ma kinitx haga, l-aktar jekk tkun mara, li tghix wehidha, hafna kienu jizzewgu t-tieni u sahansitra t-tielet u r-raba’ darba. Qisu wiehed minn kull hames zwigijiet kien ikun it-tieni zwieg ghall-gharus jew l-gharusa. L-irgiel romol kienu jippreferu jiehdu xebbiet milli nisa romol bhalhom, waqt illi l-guvintur rari hafna kienu jizzewgu nisa romol. Bejn l-1750 u l-1798 minn total ta’ 954 zwieg fil-Mosta, 766 izzewgu ghall-ewwel darba, 37 guvni izzewweg armla, 109 xebbiet izzewgu rgiel romol u 42 armel hadu armla. Interessanti li nkunu nafu wkoll illi fil-Mosta hames irgiel izzewgu ghat-tielet darba. [Ara Tabella XXIV]93
Tabella XXIV: L-ewwel zwigijiet u zwigijiet ohrajn
(p.80)
Table 4.5 First Marriages and Remarriages (1750-1798) | |||||
Total Marriages | First Marriages | Bachelor to Widow | Spinster to Widower | Widow to Widower | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balzan | 202 | 164 | 13 | 10 | 15 |
C. Pinto | 1,494 | 1,104 | 89 | 142 | 159 |
Kirkop | 129 | 109 | 5 | 12 | 3 |
Lija | 332 | 268 | 16 | 35 | 13 |
Mosta | 954 | 766 | 37 | 109 | 42 |
Siggiewi | 690 | 522 | 30 | 71 | 37 |
Sources Balzan
C. Pinto
Kirkop
|
Lija
Mosta
Siggiewi
|
Table 4.6 Number of widow/er/s in various Parishes | |||||
Qrendi (1758) | Balzan (1780) | Attard (1784) | Dingli (1786) | Mqabba (1790) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Widows | 33 | 29 | 8 | 8 | 32 |
Widowers | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 9 |
Sources
|
(F. Ciappara. 1988, p. 59)
(p.27) Fi zmien meta hafna Maltin kienu jsiefru barra minn Malta bhala bahrin fuq ix-xwieni ta’ l-Ordni jew fuq bcejjec merkantili, ghal (p.28) negozju ta’ kull xorta, biex jistudjaw barra pajjizna u x’naf jien, qabel jizzewgu Malta kien ikollhom jitolbu licenzja'mill-Kurja ta’ l-Isqof li turi li ma jkunux izzewgu qabel barra minn Malta. Insibu 3,251 applikazzjoni ghal din il-licenzja fl-ahhar nofs tas-Seklu 18. Il-kotra tat-talbiet 66.5% minnhom, kienu mill-ibliet marittimi tal-Belt, il-Furjana, il-Birgu, Bormla u l-Isla. Izda talbiet saru minn kull naha tal-gzira. Waqt li mill-Belt Valletta nsibu 735 licenzja, mill-Mosta ntalbu hamsa u ghoxrin.94
Tabella XXV: Talbiet mill-Maltin imsefrin ghall-“iStato Libero”
(p.81)
TABLE 7.1 APPLICATIONS BY MALTESE ABROAD FOR THEIR ‘STATO LIBERO’ | ||||||||||||||||
Birkirkara |
Cospicua |
Floriana |
Kirkop |
Luqa |
Mosta |
Naxxar |
Qormi |
Rabat |
Senglea |
Valletta |
Vittoriosa |
Zebbug |
Zejtun |
Gozo |
Total |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ancona | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Bayonne | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
Barcelona | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
Cadiz | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
Caltagirone | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Catania | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Civitaecchia | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 7 |
‘France’ | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | 6 |
Girgenti | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Licata | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
Lisbon | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Livorno | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 3 |
Madrid | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Malaga | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Marseilles | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | - | - | - | 19 |
Messina | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Montpellier | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Naples | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 8 | - | - | - | - | 11 |
Nice | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Noto | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
Pachino | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | 7 | 12 |
Palermo | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 1 | - | - | - | 5 |
Paris | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
Rome | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 4 |
Sardegna | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Scicli | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
‘Sicily’ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 4 |
Siracusa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
‘Spain’ | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Terranova | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | - | - | 2 | 8 |
Tripoli | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Valencia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 3 | - | 4 |
Venezia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
Villafranca | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
Vittoria | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
Untraced | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 5 | - | - | - | 1 | 10 |
Total | 1 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 13 | 55 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 13 | 135 |
Source. CEM. AO 779-836
(F Ciappara, 1988, p. 94)
(p.28) Xi rgiel kienu jsiefru u jghibu, jew imutu, jew jaqghu lsiera jew jaharbu minn arthom u marthom. In-nisa kienu ta' sikwit jitolbu biex jergghu jizzewgu jekk kien jirnexxilhom igibu xhieda li zewghom kien miet tassew. Insibu hafna talbiet bhal dawn l-aktar mill-Belt Valletta u mit-Tlitt Ibliet. Izda nsibu talbiet miz-Zejtun, minn Haz-Zebbug, min-Naxxar, minn Ghawdex - tista’ tghid minn kullimkien. Biss mill-Mosta ma nsibux kaz wiehed bejn l-1750 u l-1800.95 Izda r-rahal jissemma b’xi mod f’dawn il-kazi. Nhar il-25 t’April 1751 Teresa Abela minn Hal Ghaxaq izzewget lil Felice Pace minn Bormla. Ftit wara z-zwieg, dan telaq minn Malta u tnax-il sena wara, fl-10 ta’ Dicembru 1763, hi talbet licenzja biex tkun tista' terga’ tizzewweg. Ix-xiehda li gabet, Saverio Cassar u Guzeppi Grixti, halfu illi waqt li kienu abbord bastiment Franciz qrib Martinique, iltaqghu ma' bicca tal-gwerra Ingliza u waqt il-glied li nqala’ 70 ragel mic-corma tilfu hajjithom, fosthom l-imsemmi Felice Pace li l-katavru tieghu twaddab il-bahar. Fuq dix-xhieda, Tereza ngnatat il-licenzja biex terga’ tizzewweg u nghaqdet fiz-zwieg ma’ certu Lazzru Vella mill-Mosta. X'gara izda? Nhar l-10 ta’ Jannar 1776 Dun Enrico Xikluna mill-Kurja ta' l-Isqof ta l-ahbar illi Felice kien gie lura f’Malta. Fit-13 tax-xahar Felice nnifsu deher il-Palazz ta’ l-Isqof u talab formalment li jerga’ jinghaqad ma’ martu. Hu stqarr illi x-xiehda li kienet tellghet martu l-anqas biss kien jafhom ghalkemm ammetta li hu u c-corma kollha abbord il-bastiment Franciz kienu ttiehdu prigunieri minn zewg bicciet tal-gwerra Inglizi waqt illi kienu jbahhru fl-ibhra territorjali ta' dak il-pajjiz. Fit-18 tax-xahar, Evangelista Barbara, mara ta’ 65 sena, u Dun Nikola Zammit, it-tnejn minn Hal Ghaxaq, gharfu lil Felice li kien aghma minn ghajn wahda. Fl-20 ta’ Jannar 1776 Teresa Abela giet ordnata biex titlaq lill-Mosti Lazzru Vella u tinghaqad mill-gdid ma’ l-ewwel ragel li kellha.96
(p.29) Ghalhekk kemm fis-17-il seklu u kemm fit-tmintax, l-irgiel li kienu jitilqu minn Malta ma setghu qatt ikunu certi li meta jergghu lura se jsibu lil marthom tistenniehom bil-herqa. Izda lanqas in-nisa ma setghu jahilfu li zwieghom jigu lura, bla ma zzewgu darb’ ohra waqt li jkunu barra minn Malta, jew dak li jizzewgu, l-aktar jekk barrani, ma kienx diga mizzewweg.
Bhal-lum, mhux l-irgiel kollha, jew in-nisa kollha kienu fidili lejn marthom jew zewghom. U nsibu hafna kazijiet fl-arkivji tal-Knisja u f’dawk ta’ l-Inkwizitur ta’ adulterju. Fil-Mosta ma jissemmewx kazi bhal dawn ghat-tieni nofs tas-Seklu Tmintax. Kaz interessanti hu ta’ Lucia Sant minn Hal Gharghur li kien ikollha ggarrab l-umiljazzjoni li torqod fl-istess sodda ma’ zewgha Luqa u l-konkubina tieghu Roza.97
Meta l-gharajjes kienu jizzewgu kienu jarmaw dar ghal rashom u rari nsibuhom joqoghdu ma’ xi genituri taghhom jew ma’ qrabathom. Kemm fl-irhula u kemm fl-ibliet, id-djar ma kinux skarsi u kien hemm min jibdel spiss fejn joqghod. Imbaghad, nghiduha, toqghod ma’ nies il-mara jew nies ir-ragel kienet haga mhux biss ta’ wgigh ir-ras izda kultant ta’ nkwiet serju. Giovanni Camilleri mill-Mosta kien joqghod fl-istess dar ma’ missier u omm martu. Meta f’Novembru ta’ l-1792 kellu xi jghid mal-mara tieghu Maria u milli jidher farfrilha xi daqqtejn, missierha u ommha qabzu fuqu, keccewh minn darhom u sahansitra wassluh lill-Inkwizitur Mons. Carpegna talli fir-rabja kien sabbat xi santi fl-art.98
Nigu ghal hag’ohra. Hu twemmin fieragh li wiehed jahseb illi dan l-gharajjes kienu jizzewgu zghar. Analizi ta’ l-iStatus Animarum juri illi ftit, ftit ferm, kienu jizzewgu bejn il-15 u d-19-il sena. Il-ligi Maltija kienet taghti parir lill-missirijiet li jzewgu ’l uliedhom bniet meta jkollhom bejn l-20 u l-25 sena.99 Harsa lejn xi zwigijiet fil-Mosta fis-17-il seklu [ara Tabella XXVI] turi illi l-bniet kienu jizzewgu, bejn wiehed u iehor, ta’ erbgha u ghoxrin sena. Tassew illi nsibu zewgt ibniet ta’ 14-il sena, Imperiam Mifsud li fl-1647 izzewget lil Antoninus Bucajiar u lil Catherina Xerri li fl-1650 izzewget lil Leonardum Guevara, izda mbaghad insibu nisa ta’ sahansitra 33 sena u nofs bhal Maria Xiberras li fl-1669 izzewget lil Paulum Deguevara.
Tabella XXVI: Eta taz-zwigijiet ghan-nisa
(pp.82-83)
MARRIAGE AGE FOR GIRLS1 | ||||||
Name | Date of Birth | MS | Married to | On | MS2 | Age |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Mariam HAJUS | 6. 9.1628 | D.L. I (1612-40) | Dominicum Camilleri | 8.10.1645 | p. 50 | 17yrs 1m |
2. Dominica HAIUS | 29. 3.1638 | B.L. II (1630-97), f. 27v | Jo: Mariam Fenec | 10. 8.1659 | p. 75 | 21yrs 5m |
3. Margarita HAIUS | l. 6.1641 | Ibid., f. 36r | Joannem Buhagiar | 10. 9.1662 | p. 83 | 21yrs 3m |
4. Clemencia HAIUS | 30. 1.1645 | Ibid., f. 46r | Franciscum Mifsud from Naxaro | 31. 1.1666 | p. 90 | 21yrs |
5. Dominica ACIOPARDI | 10. 3.1643 | Ibid., f. 41r | Julianum Diguevora | 2. 7.1662 | p. 82 | 19yrs 4m |
6. Margarita BORG | 6. 1.1635 | Ibid., f. 18v | Marinum Citu from Curmi | 22.10.1663 | p. 85 | 28yrs 9m |
7. Joanella BORG | 16.11.1646 | Ibid., f. 51r | Dominicum Galia | 6.11.1667 | pp. 93-94 | 21yrs |
8. Paulina BORG | 2. 7.1649 | Ibid., f. 66r | Joannem Camilleri from Attard | -.2.1674 | p. 116 | 24yrs 7m |
9. Maria BUCAGIAR | 23. 2.1631 | Ibid., f. 4v | Dominicus Xherri | 9. 9.1657 | p. 71 | 26yrs 6m |
10. Maria BUSUTIL | 25. 3.1625 | D.L. I (1612-40) | Andream Samut from Naxaro | 16. 9.1646 | p. 52 | 21yrs 6m |
11. Gratia CAMILLERI | 8. 8.1637 | B.L. II ( 1630-97), f. 26r | Jo: Mariam Vella from Lia | 26. 8.1663 | p. 84 | 26yrs |
12. Domenica CAUCHI | 24. 9.1618 | D.L. I (1612-40) | Bertum Zimech | 6.10.1641 | p. 42 | 23yrs |
13. Domenica CHETCUTI | 12. 3.1628 | Ibid. | Gratium Portelli from Attard | 6.10.1647 | p. 55 | 19yrs 7m |
14. Angelica CHETCUTI | 7. 7.1630 | B.L. II (1630-97), f. 2v | Stephanum Borg from Naxaro | 6. 9.1654 | p. 66 | 24yrs 2m |
15. Gratia CHETCUTI | 3.10.1633 | Ibid., f. 13v | Michaelem Frendo | 5.10.1653 | p. 64 | 20yrs |
16. Joanella GAT | 26. 6.1616 | D.L. I (1612-40) | Marium Cauchi from Naxaro | 14.10.1634 | pp. 29-30 | 18yrs 4m |
17. Chaterina GAT | 24. 8.1620 | Ibid. | Franciscum Borg from Nasciaro | 19.10.1647 | p. 55 | 27yrs 2m |
18. Gratia GAT | 22.12.1622 | Ibid. | Angelum Fenech | 15. 8.1648 | p. 55 | 25yrs 8m |
19. Clemencia GAT | 2. 5.1627 | Ibid. | Dominicum Buhagiar | 15. 8.1652 | p. 61 | 25yrs 3m |
20. Matteola GAT | 21. 9.1629 | Ibid. | Fernandicum Vella from Zebbug | 15. 8.1658 | p. 72 | 28yrs 11m |
21. Barbara GAT | 9. 3.1632 | B.L. II (1630-97), f. 8r | Pasqualem Tabuni from Insula Gaudisii | 15. 8.1661 | p. 79 | 29yrs 5m |
22. Geronima GAT | 13. 2.1638 | Ibid., f. 27v | Paulum Mamo from Zebbug | 15. 8.1666 | p. 91 | 28yrs 6m |
23. Margarita GILESTRI | 9. 8.1643 | Ibid., f.42r | Gregorium Tonna | 15. 8.1662 | p. 82 | 19yrs |
24. Imperiam MIFSUD | 1. 8.1633 | Ibid., f. 12r | Antoninum Bucagiar | 28. 7.1647 | p. 54 | 14yrs |
25. Dominica PORTELLI | 19. 4.1635 | Ibid., f. 19v | Andream Attard from Tarxien | 15. 8.1659 | p. 75 | 24yrs 4m |
26. Maria PORTELLI | 19.10.1634 | Ibid., f. 18r | Petrum Galia from Nasciaro | 5. 9.1662 | p. 83 | 28yrs |
27. Paulina PULIS | 21. 6.1648 | Ibid., f. 60r | Jo: Mariam Frendo | 7.10.1668 | p. 96 | 20yrs 4m |
28. Clemencia SAPIAN | 12. 2.1641 | Ibid., f. 35r | Petrum Portelli | 20.10.1669 | p. 100 | 28yrs 8m |
29. Margarita VASSALLO | 30. 4.1633 | Ibid., f. 11v | Thomam Didaci from Insula Gaudisii | 15. 8.1660 | p. 77 | 27yrs 4m |
30. Maria VASSALLO | 27.10.1635 | Ibid., f. 20v | Marium Fenech from Lia | 15. 8.1664 | p. 86 | 28yrs 10m |
31. Maria XIBERRAS | 26. 4.1636 | Ibid., f. 22r | Paulum Deguevara | 14. 9.1669 | pp. 98-99 | 33yrs 5m |
32. Gratia XEBYRAS | 1.10.1637 | Ibid., f. 26v | Josephum Agius | 9. 9.1668 | pp. 95-96 | 30yrs 11m |
33. Catherinam XERRI | 6. 1.1636 | Ibid., f. 21r | Leonardum Guevara | 18. 9.1650 | p. 59 | 14yrs 8m |
34. Chaterina ZAMIT | 9. 6.1631 | Ibid., f. 5v | Jo: Paulum Portelli from Rabat | 12. 8.1657 | p. 70 | 26yrs 2m |
35. Maria ZARB | 17. 6.1626 | D.L. I (1612-40) | Paulucium Curmi | 23. 1.1650 | p. 58 | 23yrs 7m |
36. Chaterina Zarb | 2(?)4.5.1629 | Ibid. | Bernardum Xiberras from Lia | 6. 8.1651 | p. 60 | 22yrs 2m |
- See A.P.M., M.L. I (1611-1701), D.L. I (1612-1640), B.L. II (1630-1697). Indice di tutti Matrimoni celebrati nella Santa Parocchiale Chiesa della Musta.
- The MS used is M.L. I (1611-1701).
(C. Calleja, op. cit., Tab. XIV.)
(p.29) Mill-ftit taghrif li ghandna nehduha illi l-guvintur kienu jizzewgu bejn wiehed u iehor ta’ 29 sena [Ara Tabella XXVII]. Kultant, bhal-lum, kienu jaqbzu t-tletin sena. Issa dix-xehta ta’ zwieg mhux bikri (p.30) tibqa’ tghodd ghat-tmintax-il seklu ghalkemm l-etajiet taz-zwieg donnhom jickienu xi ftit. Figuri ghall-Mosta m’ghandniex izda l-medja ta’ eta tal-bniet f’Hal Balzan bejn l-1750 u l-1798 kienet ta’ 22.6 u tal-guvintur tliet snin aktar, 25.8. Xi nisa, bhal-lum, gieli kienu jkunu ixjeh mill-irgiel. U guvintur minn klassijiet tat-tajjeb kienu x’aktarx jizzewgu aktar tard minn ulied il-haddiema.100
Tabella XXVII: Eta taz-zwigijiet ghall-irgiel
(p.84)
MARRIAGE AGE FOR MEN1 | ||||||
Name | Date of Birth | MS2 | Married to | On | MS3 | Age |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Dominicus CAMILLER1 | 27. 3.1635 | f. 19r | Gratiam Xherri | 20.8.1661 | p. 80 | 26yrs 5m |
2. Laurencius CUSCHIERI | 26.11 1634 | f. 18v | Gratiam Galia | 4.10.1664 | p. 87 | 29yrs 11m |
3. Jo: Maria GILESTR1 | 22.6.1631 | f. 5r | Antoniam Bonello | 16.10.1661 | p. 81 | 30yrs 4m |
4. Clemens MANGION | 15.10.1647 | f. 54v | Agatam Fenech | 6.11.1678 | pp. 135-136 | 31yrs 1m |
5. Salvatore MANGION | 19.3.1645 | f. 46v | Mariam Deguara | 26.10.1675 | pp. 123-124 | 30yrs 7m |
6. Jo: Paulus XERRI | 8.4.1647 | f. 52v | Mariam Paci | 21.7. 1674 | p. 117 | 27yrs 3m |
7. Dominicus ZAMIT | 24.9.1641 | f. 37r | Catarinam Samut | 14.10.1668 | p. 96 | 27yrs 1m |
- See A.P.M. M.L. I (1611-1701), B.L. II (1630-1697). Indice di tutti Matrimoni celebrati nella Santa Chiesa della Musta.
- The MS used is B.L. II (1630-1697)
- The MS used is M.L. I (1611-1701)
(C. Calleja, op. Tab. XV.)
(p.30) Meta, xahar b’xahar, kienu jsiru l-aktar zwigijiet? Il-mudell qajla kien jitbiddel minn sena ghal sena. Fiz-Zmenijiet tan-Nofs kien hemm tliet zminijiet meta ma setax isir zwieg, izda l-Koncilju ta’ Trentu pprojbixxa c-celebrazzjoni taz-zwieg biss ghal zmien l-Avvent u zmien ir-Randan. Permess specjali li jista’ jsir iz-zwieg kien jinghata meta, nghidu ahna, ir-ragel kien jinhtieglu jitlaq mill-gzira, jew it-tfajla tohrog tqila u ma tkunx trid tinkixef. Bhal ma turi Tabella XXVIII, ix-xhur ta’ Dicembru (Avvent) u Marzu (Randan) kienu l-inqas popolari ghaz-zwieg. Mejju (mhux bhall-Ingilterra) kien xahar iehor mhux popolari biex wiehed jizzewweg fih minhabba s-superstizzjoni fiergha li hu xahar tad-dizgrazzji; “Mejju mirjieh, b’kull deni stennieh”. L-aktar li kienu jsiru zwigijiet, ghallinqas fil-Mosta, kien fil-faxxa ta’ xhur bejn Awissu u Ottubru.
Minn 36 zwieg li sehh fil-Mosta mnizzla f’Tabella XXVI, 13 saru f’Awissu, 8 f’Settembru u 9 f’Ottubru. F’Jannar u f’Lulju saru zewg zwigijiet biss u wiehed kull wiehed fix-xhur ta’ Frar u Novembru. F’Marzu, April, Mejju, Gunju u Dicembru ma sar lanqas zwieg wiehed.
Jekk issa naraw kif kienet il-qaghda bejn wiehed u iehor mitt sena wara, insibu li bejn l-1751 u l-1800 fil-Mosta l-aktar xhur popolari ghaz-zwieg kienu, f’din l-ordni, Ottubru, Settembru u Novembru, b’Mejju, Marzu u Dicembru l-inqas xhur popolari. Awissu jidher illi kien tilef postu minn kullimkien. Fi rhula ohra, izda, ix-xhur l-izjed popolari ghaz-zwieg mhux dejjem kienu bhal dawk tal-Mosta. [Ara Tabella XXVIII] Ix-xhur ta’ bla zwieg, m’ghandniex xi nghidu, jibqghu l-istess.
Tabella XXVIII: Xhur popolari ghaz-zwieg
(p.85)
TABLE 4.1 MARRIAGE SEASONALITY (175l-1800) | ||||||
(1: l-aktar popolari, 12: l-anqas) | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balzan | Oct | Nov | Feb | May | Mar | Dec |
Lija | Jan | Nov | Oct | May | Mar | Dec |
Mosta | Oct | Sept | Nov | May | Mar | Dec |
Naxxar | Nov | Sept | Jan | May | Mar | Dec |
Siggiewi | Jan | Oct | Nov | May | Mar | Dec |
Sources
Balzan - Lib. Matr. II (1682-1779), Lib. Matr. III (1780-1888)
Lija - Lib. Matr. III (1679-1754), Lib. Matr. IV (1755-1869)
Mosta - Lib. Matr. II (169l-1781), Lib. Matr. III (178l-1833)
Naxxar - Lib. Matr. II (1687-1800), Lib. Matr. III (1800-1814)
Siggiewi - Lib. Matr. III (1723-1784), Lib. Matr. IV (1784-1835)
(F. Ciappara, 1988, p. 46)
(p.30) Illum iz-zwieg isir quddiem l-altar maggur izda dari, bhal ma jiftakru x-xjuh taghna, ma kienx hekk. Fil-Liber Matrimoniorum tas-17-il Seklu, jixhdu li xi koppji biex iharsu xi legat taz-zwieg (“ad implendum legatum”) kienu jizzewgu f’xi altar tal-genb, x’aktarx wiehed minn tal-Konfraternitajiet tar-Ruzarju jew tas-Sagrament. Dan kien il-kaz ta’, nghidu ahna, Jacobum Sammut li zzewweg lil Paulinam Hibeijer, ta’ (p.31) Joannes Pulis u Catharinam Samut (7-10-1640), ta’ Domenicum Debono u Gratiam Busottil, ta’ Domenicum Fenech u Teresam Busottil, ta’ Salvu Fenech u Johannellam Fenech u ta’ xi ohrajn.101
REFERENZI
- F. Ciappara, Marriage in Malta in the Late Eighteenth Century (Malta 1988), pp. 47-48.
- Calleja (1973), p. 50.
- Ara Ciappara (1988), Table 4.2 u 4.3, pp. 49-50.
- Ibid.,pp. 5l-52.
- Ibid., Appendix A, pp. 12l-123.
- Ibid., p. 27.
- Ibid., Appendix F, pp. 129-130.
- Ibid.,p. 96.
- Ibid., p. 47.
- Ibid., p. 58 u Table 4.5. p. 59. M'ghandniex xi nghidu kienet haga aktar hafifa li armel jerga' jizzewweg milli armla ssib sieheb gdid. Izda armla wkoll gieli kienet issib terga' tizzewweg u l-aktar jekk kellha l-art jew il-flus.
- Ara Ciappara (1988), p. 91 u Nota 1. Ara wkoll Tabella XXV.
- 95 Ibid., p. 100 u Nota 65.
- 96. AIM. Processi 131B. ff.632r-638v. ikkwotat minn Ciappara (1988), p. 101.
- Ciappara (1988). p. 79.
- AIM. Processi 136A. ff. 15r-19v ikkwotat minn ibid., p. 38.
- Del Dritto Municipale di Malta, p. 115, par. VI.
- Ciappara (1988), pp. 33-36.
- Calleja (1973), p. 76.
Kapitli ohra mill-ktieb
- Introduzzjoni
- Studji demografici
- Mosta issir parrocca
- Hjiel ekonomiku
- Hajja Socjo Religjuza
- Ismijiet / Kunjomijiet
- Zwigijiet
- Twelidijiet
- Imwiet
- Gheluq
- Appendici